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Table 3 Effect of lactoferrin on the PBM levels of Cyclin D-1, PPAR- γ, SIRT-1, TLR-4, and NFκB in type 2 diabetic patients before and after lactoferrin treatment

From: Antidiabetic efficacy of lactoferrin in type 2 diabetic pediatrics; controlling impact on PPAR-γ, SIRT-1, and TLR4 downstream signaling pathway

Variables

Diabetic patients (N = 30)

Controls (N = 30)

Before lactoferrin

After lactoferrin

PBM lysate

 TLR-4 (ng/mL)

4.9 ± 1.0a

3.76 ± 1.07b

2.43 ± 0.69

 NFκB-p65 (µg/mL)

183.20 ± 49.19a

98.68 ± 29.80b

15.5 ± 2.87

 Cyclin D-1 (ng/mL)

8.13 ± 0.66a

14.49 ± 1.2b

21.43 ± 1.82

PBM nuclear extract

 PPAR-γ (ng/mL)

2.78 ± 0.44a

5.13 ± 0.56b

7.79 ± 1.04

 SIRT-1 (ng/mL)

2.2 ± 0.6a

2.6 ± 1.03b

3.1 ± 2.04

 NrF2/ARE binding activity

0.06 ± 0.01a

0.08 ± 0.01b

0.12 ± 0.069

  1. Values are means ± SDM
  2. aSignificant difference from normal group, at P ≤ 0.05
  3. bSignificant difference from diabetic patients before therapy, at P ≤ 0.05