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Table 1 Glycolytic and lipid profile in children with type 2 diabetes before and after lactoferrin treatment

From: Antidiabetic efficacy of lactoferrin in type 2 diabetic pediatrics; controlling impact on PPAR-γ, SIRT-1, and TLR4 downstream signaling pathway

Variables

Diabetic patients (N = 30)

Controls (N = 30)

Before lactoferrin

After lactoferrin

Age

12–17

11 ± 17

Gender

 Male/female

34/26

28/22

BMI (kg/m2)

30.9 ± 2.5a

28.8 ± 2.1

21.2 ± 1.2

Lactoferrin (ng/mL)

 Range

25.6–35.5

44.2–60.5

9.7–19.1

 Mean ± SD

29.73 ± 4.05a

52.35 ± 6.75b

14.01 ± 3.00

FPG (mg/dL)

 Range

197–269a

131–189b

67–110

 Mean ± SD

233 ± 36

130 ± 29

87 ± 22

HbA1c (%)

9.8 ± 1.3a

7.2 ± 1b

5.3 ± 1.5

Insulin range

2.87–14.4a

24.5–35.6b

7.3–10.3

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

240.5 ± 13.2a

170.6 ± 11.2b

110.67 ± 9.2

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

183.4 ± 6.5a

131 ± 10.2b

75.23 ± 0.92

HDL-C (mg/dL)

27.4 ± 3.5a

38.5 ± 3.3b

42.87 ± 3.2

LDL-C (mg/dL)

176.5 ± 12.5a

105.9 ± 8.2b

53.2 ± 3.2

  1. Values are means ± SDM
  2. BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
  3. aSignificant difference from normal group, at P ≤ 0.05
  4. bSignificant difference from diabetic patients before therapy, at P ≤ 0.05