| Men N = 366 | Women N = 441 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 n = 89 | Q2 n = 93 | Q3 n = 86 | Q4 n = 98 | p-value | Q1 n = 104 | Q2 n = 106 | Q3 n = 112 | Q4 n = 119 | p-value | |
Age (years) | 45 (5) | 45 (5) | 45 (4) | 46 (5) | 0.789 | 45 (5) | 46 (4) | 46 (5) | 46 (5) | 0.320 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 (2.4) | 24.7 (2.3) | 26.1 (2.3) | 27.4 (1.6) | < 0.001* | 22.3 (2.2) | 24.2 (2.5) | 25.2 92.0)Ω ¥ | 26.7 (2.1)Ω ¥ π | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 80.5 (7.3) | 86.3 (6.5)Ω | 89.9 (6.6)Ω ¥ | 94.5 (5.2)Ω ¥ π | < 0.001* | 73.7 (6.0) | 78.2 (6.8) | 80.9 (6.0)Ω ¥ | 85.0 (6.3)Ω ¥ π | < 0.001* |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 118 (12) | 119 (12) | 123 (15) | 125 (13)Ω | 0.002* | 108 (12) | 110 (13) | 112 (13) | 113 (12)Ω | 0.014* |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74 (9) | 77 (10) | 77 (10) | 81 (9)Ω¥ | < 0.001* | 69 (9) | 71 (9) | 72 (9) | 73 (9)Ω | 0.005* |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.02 (0.15) | 1.09 (0.15) | 1.05 (0.15) | 1.11 (0.42) | 0.035 | 0.78 (0.11) | 0.81 (0.12) | 0.85 (0.14) | 0.84 (0.13) | < 0.001* |
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | 90.3 (13.9) | 84.6 (14.4) | 89.4 (15.2) | 86.0 (17.2) | 0.073 | 94.1 (14.5) | 89.8 (15.3) | 86.7 (16.5) | 87.3 (15.4) | 0.002* |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 102.8 (7.9) | 103.8 (7.9) | 105.2 (8.1) | 105.6 (8.3) | 0.064* | 97.8 (6.4) | 99.3 (7.8) | 100.9 (7.2)Ω | 100.9 (7.2)Ω | 0.004* |
2-h glucose (mg/dL) | 11.6 (6.5) | 115.6 (25.5) | 121.5 (29.6) | 123.1 (26.9)Ω | 0.016* | 112.4 (24.0) | 116.8 (22.8) | 118.2 (21.6) | 123.3 (26.0)Ω | 0.009* |
HOMA-IR | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.5) | 1.3 (0.9 to 2.1) | 1.7 (0.1 to 2.4) | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.9) | < 0.001* | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.0) | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.5) | < 0.001* |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 5.6 (2.3 to 10.7) | 6.7 (3.9 to 12.6) | 7.2 (4.8 to 11.4) | 7.9 (5.3 to 12.1) | 0.002* | 12.4 (7.8 to 21.3) | 15.2 (8.1 to 24.3) | 17.6 (10.6 to 29.1) | 18.8 (12.1 to 30.1) | 0.001* |
Adiponectin (mcg/mL) | 10.3 (6.2 to 15.1) | 9.8 (5.8 to 13.7) | 9.6 (6.5 to 13.4) | 6.5 (4.0 to 12.2) | 0.216 | 11.8 (7.6 to 16.8) | 10.6 (6.0 to 15.2) | 9.4 (5.6 to 13.9) | 9.7 (4.9 to 15.5) | 0.358 |
E-selectin (ng/mL) | 61.1 (39.0 to 105.8) | 77.8 (51.2 to 127.1) | 80.5 (41.5 to 114.4) | 87.8 (65.2 to 131.6) | 0.006* | 61.9 (38.5 to 92.8) | 62.1 (37.5 to 99.8) | 66.0 (38.2 to 114.2) | 76.4 (47.6 to 120.5) | 0.162* |
Total cholesterol# (mg/dL) | 211 (187 to 235) | 206 (182 to 231) | 219 (188 to 239) | 218 (194 to 243) | 0.156 | 206 (185 to 238) | 215 (192 to 238) | 207 (186 to 242) | 213 (189 to 143) | 0.761 |
Non HDL-cholesterol# (mg/dL) | 159 (128 to 181) | 160 (132 to 179) | 165 (137 to 185) | 168 (146 to 192) | 0.001* | 144 (123 to 169) | 155 (129 to 171) | 149 (126 to 178) | 155 (131 to 188) | 0.140 |
HDL-cholesterol# (mg/dL) | 53.0 (45 to 62) | 48 (42 to 54) | 47 (40 to 55) | 46 (41 to 53) | 0.059* | 63 (57 to 70) | 60 (52 to 69) | 58 (49 to 66) | 54 (47 to 68) | < 0.001* |
LDL-total# (mg/dL) | 138 (111 to 149) | 134 (104 to 151) | 135 (111 to 158) | 138 (116 to 157) | 0.527 | 111 (102 to 145) | 134 (107 to 147) | 124 (107 to 152) | 130 (107 to 156) | 0.493 |
LDL R# (mg/dL) | 116 (92 to 129) | 109 (86 to 125) | 112 (88 to 132) | 114 (93 to 129) | 0.672 | 101 (82 to 122) | 108 (85 to 124) | 105 (88 to 125) | 107 (90 to 130) | 0.602 |
IDL-cholesterol# (mg/dL) | 14 (10 to 19) | 15 (12 to 21) | 17 (12 to 22) | 18 (14 to 22) | 0.003* | 14 (10 to 18) | 13 (11 to 20) | 13 (9 to 18) | 15 (11-23) | 0.012 |
Triglycerides# (mg/dL) | 92 (71 to 127) | 108 (86 to 140) | 114 (89 to 174) | 146 (96 to 193) | < 0.001* | 76 (61 to 98) | 84 (70 to 115) | 82 (67 to 110) | 106 (73 to 144) | < 0.001* |
HDL2-C# (mg/dL) | 13.0 (10 to 17) | 11 (8 to 14) | 11 (8 to 15) | 11 (9 to 13) | 0.001* | 19 (16 to 24) | 18 (14 to 22) | 16 (13 to 20) | 15 (12 to 20) | < 0.001* |
HDL3-C# (mg/dL) | 39 (34 to 46) | 36 (33 to 40) | 37 (31 to 41) | 36 (32 to 41) | 0.008 | 43 (40 to 48) | 41 (38 to 47) | 41 (37 to 46) | 40 (36 to 46) | 0.002 |
Large LDL-C# (mg/dL) | 40 (30 to 49) | 39 (31 to 49) | 40 (33 to 50) | 39 (32 to 52) | 0.763* | 43 (30 to 61) | 44 (31 to 58) | 41 (29 to 55) | 42 (33 to 59) | 0.723 |
Small LDL-C# (mg/dL) | 53 (38 to 79) | 60 (37 to 79) | 62 (42 to 81) | 72 (48 to 88) | 0.060* | 38 (29 to 49) | 41 (31 to 54) | 44 (32 to 61) | 47 (33 to 64) | 0.005* |
Log LDL DR# (mg/dL) | 0.37 (0.02 to 0.73) | 0.48 (0.09 to 0.72) | 0.52 (0.13 to 0.73) | 0.59 (0.17 to 0.81) | 0.295 | − 0.17 (− 0.60 to 0.36) | − 0.04 (− 0.41 to 0.33) | 0.14 (− 0.31 to 0.58) | 0.20 (− 0.27 to 0.53) | 0.012* |
VLDL3-C# (mg/dL) | 13 (10 to 15) | 15 (12 to 18) | 14 (13 to 17) | 16 (13 to 20) | < 0.001 | 12 (9 to 14) | 12 (11 to 15) | 12 (10 to 14) | 14 (11 to 17) | < 0.001 |
TG/HDL ratio | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.7) | 2.4 (1.7 to 3.3) | 2.4 (1.6 to 4.0) | 3.1 (2.0 to 4.5) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) | 1.4 (1.1 to 2.2) | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.7) | < 0.001 |