Comparative effects of vitamin D and vitamin C supplementations with and without endurance physical activity on metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled trial

Farag, Halgord Ali M.; Hosseinzadeh-Attar, Mohammad Javad; Muhammad, Belal A.; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad; Bilbeisi, Abdel Hamid El

doi:10.1186/s13098-018-0384-8

Table 4 Multiple comparison of BMI, WC, TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C across the study groups

From: Comparative effects of vitamin D and vitamin C supplementations with and without endurance physical activity on metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled trial

Multiple comparisons: Tukey HSD
Dependent variables		Mean difference (I–J)	Std. error	Sig.	95% confidence interval		Mean difference (I–J)	Std. error	Sig.	95% confidence interval
(I) Group	(J) Group	Mean difference (I–J)	Std. error	Sig.	Lower bound	Upper bound	Mean difference (I–J)	Std. error	Sig.	Lower bound	Upper bound
Changes in BMI							Change in WC
Vit D^a	Vit D + PA	1.4^*	.45	.029	.09	2.72	1.19	.99	.831	− 1.6	4.07
	Vit C	.74	.43	.512	− .50	1.99	1.18	.94	.802	− 1.5	3.91
	Vit C + PA	.79	.44	.473	− .48	2.08	4.17^*	.97	.001	1.3	6.98
	Placebo	.16	.43	.991	− 1.09	1.42	1.35	.95	.714	− 1.3	4.11
	Placebo + PA^f	.63	.44	.722	− .66	1.93	3.54^*	.98	.006	.70	6.39
Vit C^c	Vit D + PA	.66	.44	.675	− .63	1.95	.007	.97	1.01	− 2.8	2.83
	Vit C + PA	.05	.43	1.04	− 1.20	1.31	2.98^*	.95	.021	.22	5.74
	Placebo	− .57	.42	.755	− 1.81	.65	.16	.93	1.03	− 2.52	2.86
	Placebo + PA	− .11	.44	1.01	− 1.38	1.16	2.36	.96	.142	− .43	5.15
Vit D + PA^b	Vit C + PA	− .60	.45	.772	− 1.93	.72	2.97^*	1.00	.041	.07	5.88
	Placebo	− 1.23	.45	.074	− 2.54	.06	.16	.98	1.01	− 2.68	3.01
	Placebo + PA	− .77	.46	.551	− 2.11	.56	2.35	1.01	.192	− .58	5.29
Vit C + PA^d	Placebo	− .63	.43	.705	− 1.90	.64	− 2.81^*	.96	.041	− 5.60	− .034
Vit C + PA^d	Placebo + PA	− .16	.45	.998	− 1.47	1.14	− .62	.99	.987	− 3.49	2.24
Placebo^e	Placebo + PA	.46	.44	.901	− .82	1.75	2.19	.97	.221	− .62	5.00
Change in TC							Change in TG
Vit D^a	Vit D + PA	− .047	8.33	1.00	− 24.15	24.05	10.96	11.48	.931	− 22.23	44.16
	Vit C	− 18.38	7.89	.190	− 41.21	4.44	26.86	10.87	.141	− 4.59	58.31
	Vit C + PA	− 9.86	8.14	.830	− 33.40	13.66	29.52	11.21	.096	− 2.89	61.95
	Placebo	− 23.92^*	7.97	.037	− 46.97	− .86	− 6.64	10.98	.990	− 38.40	25.10
	Placebo + PA^f	− 3.72	8.23	.998	− 27.53	20.08	10.67	11.34	.935	− 22.12	43.47
Vit C^c	Vit D + PA	18.33	8.18	.227	− 5.33	42.00	− 15.89	11.27	.721	− 48.49	16.70
	Vit C + PA	8.51	7.98	.894	− 14.57	31.60	2.66	11.00	1.00	− 29.14	34.47
	Placebo	− 5.53	7.81	.981	− 28.13	17.059	− 33.51^*	10.76	.027	− 64.63	− 2.38
	Placebo + PA	14.65	8.08	.461	− 8.71	38.02	− 16.18	11.13	.694	− 48.37	16.00
Vit D + PA^b	Vit C + PA	− 9.82	8.42	.852	− 34.16	14.52	18.56	11.60	.600	− 14.97	52.09
	Placebo	− 23.8^*	8.25	.050	− 47.74	.005	− 17.61	11.37	.634	− 50.50	15.27
	Placebo + PA	− 3.67	8.51	.998	− 28.28	20.92	− .29	11.72	1.00	− 34.19	33.60
Vit C + PA^d	Placebo	− 14.05	8.06	.506	− 37.35	9.25	− 36.17^*	11.10	.017	− 68.28	− 4.07
Vit C + PA^d	Placebo + PA	6.14	8.32	.977	− 17.91	30.19	− 18.85	11.46	.571	− 51.98	14.28
Placebo^e	Placebo + PA	20.19	8.15	.139	− 3.38	43.77	17.32	11.23	.638	− 15.15	49.80
Change in LDL-C							Change in HDL-C
Vit D^a	Vit D + PA	− 2.36	8.68	1.00	− 27.46	22.74	.60	4.03	1.00	− 11.07	12.27
	Vit C	− 23.47*	8.22	.055	− 47.25	.30	− 1.39	3.82	.992	− 12.45	9.66
	Vit C + PA	− 12.65	8.47	.669	− 37.17	11.85	− 15.57^*	3.94	.002	− 26.97	− 4.17
	Placebo	− 21.99	8.30	.093	− 46.00	2.01	− 2.96	3.86	.972	− 14.13	8.19
	Placebo + PA^f	− 5.99	8.57	.982	− 30.79	18.79	.68	3.98	1.00	− 10.84	12.22
Vit C^c	Vit D + PA	21.11	8.52	.138	− 3.53	45.76	2.0	3.96	.994	− 9.46	13.46
	Vit C + PA	10.81	8.31	.784	− 13.23	34.86	− 14.18^*	3.86	.005	− 25.36	− 2.99
	Placebo	1.481	8.13	1.00	− 22.05	25.01	− 1.57	3.78	.998	− 12.51	9.37
	Placebo + PA	17.47	8.41	.306	− 6.85	41.81	2.08	3.91	.995	− 9.23	13.40
Vit D + PA^b	Vit C + PA	− 10.29	8.77	.848	− 35.65	15.05	− 16.18^*	4.07	.002	− 27.97	− 4.38
	Placebo	− 19.63	8.60	.208	− 44.50	5.23	− 3.57	4.00	.941	− 15.13	7.99
	Placebo + PA	− 3.63	8.86	.998	− 29.26	21.99	.083	4.12	1.00	− 11.83	12.00
Vit C + PA^d	Placebo	− 9.33	8.39	.876	− 33.61	14.93	12.60^*	3.90	.012	1.31	23.89
Vit C + PA^d	Placebo + PA	6.65	8.66	.972	− 18.39	31.71	16.26^*	4.03	.001	4.61	27.91
Placebo^e	Placebo + PA	15.99	8.49	.417	− 8.56	40.55	3.65	3.95	.931	− 7.76	15.07

Data are mean ± standard Error (SE)
PA, physical activity; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumferences; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level
^aReceiving 2000 IU vitamin D per day
^bReceiving 2000 IU vitamin D per day plus 30 min endurance physical activity
^cReceiving 500 mg vitamin C per day
^dReceiving 500 mg vitamin C per day plus 30 min endurance physical activity
^eReceiving one placebo per day
^fReceiving one placebo per day plus 30 min endurance physical activity
^gObtained from ANOVA, Tukey method

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ISSN: 1758-5996

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