Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

From: Comparative effects of vitamin D and vitamin C supplementations with and without endurance physical activity on metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled trial

Variables	Groups (n = 141)						P value^g
Variables	Vit D (n = 24)^a	Vit D + PA (n = 21)^b	Vit C (n = 26)^c	Vit C + PA (n = 23)^d	Placebo (n = 25)^e	Placebo + PA (n = 22)^f	P value^g
Age (years)	40.5 ± 5.9	40.4 ± 5.9	41.2 ± 5.8	40.8 ± 5.8	42.6 ± 5.6	41.6 ± 6.4	.812
Female (%)	67	67	62	70	48	59	.725
Family history of obesity (%)	75	81	65	65	76	50	.314
Family history of DM (%)	50	67	46	35	60	41	.321
Family history of BP (%)	58	62	46	57	60	41	.753
Weight (kg)	84.2 ± 16.7	81.7 ± 9.6	81 ± 13.2	79.7 ± 13.6	82.3 ± 14	74.9 ± 12.7	.354
BMI (kg/m²)	33.1 ± 5.9	33.4 ± 4.3	32 ± 6.1	32.3 ± 5.9	32.8 ± 4.3	30.1 ± 4.7	.475
WC (cm)	109.2 ± 8	108.5 ± 7.7	108.2 ± 10.4	107.8 ± 8.7	107.6 ± 9.6	111.5 ± 10.2	.824
FPG (mg/dL)	108 ± 17.1	106 ± 11.8	106.6 ± 19.9	104 ± 13.7	110.6 ± 17.2	106.2 ± 18.1	.871
SBP (mmHg)	127.1 ± 11.5	129 ± 12.7	130.2 ± 12	129 ± 11.4	125.6 ± 14.5	128.6 ± 10.8	.810
DBP (mmHg)	79.8 ± 9.5	83.6 ± 9.4	81.3 ± 8.3	79.3 ± 7.1	80 ± 6.9	82.5 ± 5.9	.421
TC (mg/dL)	173.5 ± 60.8	194.7 ± 32.2	174.8 ± 41.5	178.3 ± 29.8	185.9 ± 39	149 ± 35.8	.326
TG (mg/dL)	229.3 ± 113.8	184.5 ± 98.5	268.4 ± 107.2^*	176.1 ± 87.4	147.4 ± 43	161.7 ± 70.1	.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	120.7 ± 64.4^†	149.6 ± 35.8	114.5 ± 47.5	135.5 ± 32.7	150.4 ± 39.8	153.5 ± 38.4	.007
HDL-C (mg/dL)	34.9 ± 17.3	40.9 ± 14.4	33 ± 13.5	37.6 ± 11^**	30 ± 8.5	40.8 ± 16.5	.046
Vit D (ng/mL)	10.8 ± 2.8	10.4 ± 3.2	–	–	12.2 ± 4	11 ± 4	.434
Vit C (ng/mL)	–	–	.9 ± .4	.8 ± .3	1 ± .3	.9 ± .3	.320

Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD)
Vit D, vitamin D; PA, physical activity; Vit C, vitamin C; DM, diabetes mellitus; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumferences; DM, diabetes mellitus
^*P < .05 compared with the placebo group, using Tukey’s test
^**P < .05 compared with the vitamin D and “placebo plus physical activity” groups, using Tukey’s test
^†P < .05 compared with the other groups, using Tukey’s test
^aReceiving 2000 IU vitamin D per day
^bReceiving 2000 IU vitamin D per day plus 30 min endurance physical activity
^cReceiving 500 mg vitamin C per day
^dReceiving 500 mg vitamin C per day plus 30 min endurance physical activity
^eReceiving one placebo per day
^fReceiving one placebo per day plus 30 min endurance physical activity
^gObtained from ANOVA or Chi square test, where appropriate

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ISSN: 1758-5996

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