Clinical inertia on insulin treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of a tertiary public diabetes center with limited pharmacologic armamentarium from an upper-middle income country

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis—variables associated with achieving glycemic goals (individually adjusted A1c) during the first 2 years of insulin therapy follow up (Group 2)

Variable	Diabetes control		Total	OR_Crude	95% CI		p	OR_Adjusted	95% CI		p
Variable	No	Yes	Total	OR_Crude	Lower	Upper	p	OR_Adjusted	Lower	Upper	p
Age, years				1.06	1.01	1.11	0.018	1.08	1.02	1.14	0.007
Mean (sd)	64.6 (8.5)	69.8 (10.8)	67.1 (10)
Median (min.; max.)	65.5 (37; 76)	72.5 (45; 96)	67 (37; 96)
Gender, n (%)
Female	31 (64.6)	17 (35.4)	48	1.00
Male	15 (37.5)	25 (62.5)	40	3.04	1.27	7.27	0.012
Duration of diabetes, years				0.99	0.93	1.06	0.788
Mean (sd)	17.5 (6)	17.1 (6.6)	17.3 (6.3)
Median (min.; max.)	17 (7; 30)	16 (4; 33)	16.5 (4; 33)
Duration of insulin use, years				0.99	0.93	1.06	0.825
Mean (sd)	10.9 (6.4)	10.6 (6.5)	10.7 (6.4)
Median (min.; max.)	10 (1; 24)	9 (2; 29)	10 (1; 29)
Systemic arterial hypertension, n (%)
No	3 (60)	2 (40)	5	1.00
Yes	41 (51.2)	39 (48.8)	80	1.43	0.23	9.00	0.705
Dyslipidemia, n (%)
No	6 (75)	2 (25)	8	1.00
Yes	38 (50.7)	37 (49.3)	75	2.92	0.55	15.41	0.206
Neuropathy, n (%)
No	37 (52.9)	33 (47.1)	70	1.00
Yes	3 (60)	2 (40)	5	0.75	0.12	4.75	0.758
Nephropathy, n (%)
No	39 (60)	26 (40)	65	1.00
Yes	0 (0)	8 (100)	8	#			#
Retinopathy, n (%)
No	37 (54.4)	31 (45.6)	68	1.00
Yes	4 (57.1)	3 (42.9)	7	0.90	0.19	4.31	0.890
Macroangiopathy, n (%)
No	31 (60.8)	20 (39.2)	51	1.00
Yes	9 (36)	16 (64)	25	2.76	1.02	7.43	0.045
Insulin daily dose, units/kg of body weight				0.79	0.02	36.22	0.904
Mean (sd)	0.22 (0.12)	0.21 (0.1)	0.21 (0.11)
Median (min.; max.)	0.17 (0.04; 0.54)	0.18 (0.06; 0.42)	0.18 (0.04; 0.54)

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