Clinical inertia on insulin treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of a tertiary public diabetes center with limited pharmacologic armamentarium from an upper-middle income country

Alvarenga, Marcelo Alves; Komatsu, William Ricardo; de Sa, Joao Roberto; Chacra, Antonio Roberto; Dib, Sergio Atala

doi:10.1186/s13098-018-0382-x

Table 3 Clinical and laboratory evolution during the first 2 years of insulin therapy follow up (Group 2)

From: Clinical inertia on insulin treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of a tertiary public diabetes center with limited pharmacologic armamentarium from an upper-middle income country

	Age—years	Duration of diabetes—years	Duration of insulin use—years
Mean (sd)	67.1 (10)	17.3 (6.3)	10.7 (6.4)
Median (min.; max.)	67 (37; 96)	16.5 (4; 33)	10 (1; 29)

Variable	Insulin introduction	1 year after insulin introduction	2 years after insulin introduction	Comparison^a	p	95% CI
Variable	Insulin introduction	1 year after insulin introduction	2 years after insulin introduction	Comparison^a	p	Lower	Upper
Body-mass index, kg/m²				Insulin introduction—1 year after	0.070	− 1.57	0.04
Mean (sd)	28.4 (6.4)	29.3 (5.5)	29 (5.3)	Insulin introduction—2 years after	0.013	− 1.84	− 0.16
				1 year after–2 years after	> 0.999	− 1.09	0.62
Oral diabetes therapy				Insulin introduction–1 year after	< 0.001	8.0	27.0
n/Total (%)	98/99 (99)	72/87 (82.8)	67/82 (81.7)	Insulin introduction—2 years after	< 0.001	8.0	28.0
				1 year after–2 years after	> 0.999	− 12.00	14.00
Insulin daily dose, units/kg of body weight				Insulin introduction—1 year after	< 0.001	− 0.16	− 0.04
Mean (sd)	0.22 (0.12)	0.32 (0.24)	0.39 (0.26)	Insulin introduction—2 years after	< 0.001	− 0.23	− 0.10
				1 year after–2 years after	0.051	− 0.13	0.00
Glycated hemoglobin/A1c, %				Insulin introduction—1 year after	< 0.001	0.46	1.54
Mean (sd)	9.6 (2.1)	8.6 (2)	8.7 (1.7)	Insulin introduction—2 years after	< 0.001	0.39	1.49
				1 year after–2 years after	> 0.999	− 0.61	0.48
Diabetes controlled (adjusted A1c)				Insulin introduction—1 year after	0.001	− 37.0	− 8.0
n/total (%)	17/79 (21.5)	35/80 (43.8)	28/74 (37.8)	Insulin introduction—2 years after	0.017	− 31.0	− 2.0
				1 year after–2 years after	> 0.999	− 10.00	21.00
Total cholesterol, mg/dL				Insulin introduction—1 year after	0.013	2.51	28.06
Mean (sd)	201.7 (64.9)	188.1 (56.4)	180.6 (53.3)	Insulin introduction—2 years after	< 0.001	9.54	35.48
				1 year after–2 years after	0.521	− 5.48	19.93
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL
Mean (sd)	103.8 (40.8)	104.7 (43.7)	100.5 (42.5)		0.425
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL
Mean (sd)	46.4 (13.3)	46 (13.5)	45.1 (11.4)		0.795
Triglycerides, mg/dL				Insulin introduction—1 year after	0.175	− 8.19	70.08
Mean (sd)	201.8 (180.1)	174.4 (145.2)	160.9 (87.6)	Insulin introduction—2 years after	0.023	4.54	83.43
				1 year after–2 years after	> 0.999	− 26.00	52.08

GEE with normal distribution
^aBonferroni’s multiple comparisons

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ISSN: 1758-5996

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