Table 3 Baseline clinical characteristics of 582 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients reaching the renal end-point (estimated Glomerular filtration rate reduction > 30%)
From: Normoalbuminuric kidney impairment in patients with T1DM: insights from annals initiative
4-year eGFR reduction > 30% | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
n = 457 | n = 125 | ||
Male sex | 197 (43.1%) | 65 (52.0%) | 0.149 |
Age (years) | 63 ± 13 | 61 ± 14 | 0.295 |
Known duration of diabetes (years) | 27 ± 13 | 27 ± 13 | 0.726 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26 ± 5 | 27 ± 6 | 0.277 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.49 ± 0.86 | 1.75 ± 1.02 | 0.501 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 48 ± 11 | 43 ± 13 | < 0.001 |
Albuminuria | 184 (40.3%) | 93 (74.4%) | < 0.001 |
Microalbuminuria | 131 (28.7%) | 41 (32.8%) | 0.001 |
Macroalbuminuria | 53 (11.6%) | 52 (41.6%) | < 0.001 |
Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.4 ± 1.5 | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 0.004 |
Serum uric acid in the top gender-specific quintile | 40 (14.5%) | 25 (30.9%) | 0.038 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 8.4 ± 1.5 | 0.049 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 65 ± 15.3 | 68 ± 16.4 | 0.049 |
HbA1c ≥ 7% | 350 (77.3%) | 103 (83.1%) | 0.129 |
HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol | 350 (77.3%) | 103 (83.1%) | 0.129 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 196 ± 38 | 196 ± 48 | 0.912 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 114 ± 63 | 147 ± 125 | 0.003 |
Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL | 84 (19.9%) | 34 (30.4%) | 0.054 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 60 ± 19 | 56 ± 18 | 0.086 |
HDL < 40 M < 50 F mg/dL | 81 (19.2%) | 24 (21.8%) | 0.791 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 113 ± 30 | 112 ± 42 | 0.964 |
LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL | 280 (66.8%) | 69 (62.7%) | 0.585 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 138 ± 19 | 143 ± 20 | 0.040 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77 ± 9 | 78 ± 10 | 0.128 |
BP ≥ 140/85 mmHg | 208 (57.3%) | 68 (66.0%) | 0.092 |
Non-proliferative retinopathy | 99 (21.7%) | 24 (19.2%) | 0.850 |
Proliferative retinopathy | 44 (9.6%) | 24 (19.2%) | 0.008 |
Smokers | 32 (16.8%) | 14 (25.9%) | 0.060 |
Lipid-lowering treatment | 193 (42.2%) | 60 (48.0%) | 0.302 |
Treatment with statins | 184 (40.3%) | 54 (43.2%) | 0.589 |
Treatment with fibrates | 5 (1.1%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0.308 |
Antihypertensive treatment | 317 (69.4%) | 104 (83.2%) | 0.010 |
Treatment with ACE-Is/ARBs | 284 (62.1%) | 88 (70.4%) | 0.226 |
Aspirin | 107 (23.4%) | 32 (25.6%) | 0.715 |
Insulin pump | 10 (2.2%) | 8 (6.4%) | 0.050 |