Table 1 Demographic, lifestyle, clinical, and cognitive domains data of participants stratifyed according to glucose tolerance status
Normoglycemia N = 278 | Prediabetes N = 660 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical variables | |||
Women (%) | 71.9 | 47.1 | < 0.001 |
Caucasian (%) | 62.6 | 59.2 | 0.344 |
Current smoker (%) | 18.0 (50) | 18.3 (121) | 0.071 |
Current alcohol user (%) | 70.1 (195) | 72.4 (478) | 0.227 |
Physical activity (days/week) | 1.30 (0.62) | 1.31 (0.63) | 0.846 |
Age (years) | 44.9 (4.9) | 46.1 (4.9) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4 (3.7) | 26.7 (4.1) | < 0.001 |
Abdominal circumference (cm) | 82.5 (9.8) | 88.4 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 112 (13) | 119 (14) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71 (10) | 76 (10) | < 0.001 |
Plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 94.4 (3.8) | 105.7 (6.8) | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 101.3 (50.5) | 138.6 (83.3) | < 0.001 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 122.7 (28.7) | 131.5 (33.5) | < 0.001 |
HDL–cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.3 (13.1) | 53.7 (12.9) | < 0.001 |
HOMA-IRa | 1.32 (1.01) | 2.04 (1.58) | < 0.001 |
C-reactive proteina (mg/L) | 2.03 (2.13) | 2.06 (2.01) | 0.308 |
Adiponectina (μg/mL) | 14.3 (23.5) | 12.6 (13.5) | 0.127 |
Cognitive function | |||
Learning memory | 21.0 (3.6) | 20.4 (3.9) | 0.031 |
Delayed recall memory | 7.1 (1.9) | 6.7 (1.9) | 0.015 |
Recognition memory | 9.7 (0.7) | 9.5 (0.9) | 0.095 |
Semantic verbal fluency test | 18.3 (4.7) | 18.4 (4.8) | 0.663 |
Phonemic verbal fluency test | 12.3 (4.3) | 12.4 (4.5) | 0.727 |
Trail test | 100.5 (65.9) | 109.7 (70.3) | 0.055 |