Variables | Seasons | Total (n = 180) | p c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winter (n = 84) | Spring (n = 50) | Summer (n = 28) | Autumn (n = 18) | |||
BMI (kg/m2)a | 32 ± 7 | 34 ± 6 | 35 ± 7 | 34 ± 8 | 33 ± 7 | 0.36 |
WHRa | 0.97 ± 0.1 | 0.97 ± 0.1 | 0.97 ± 0.1 | 0.97 ± 0.1 | 0.97 ± 0.1 | 0.91 |
WC (cm)a | 104 ± 14 | 107 ± 11 | 108 ± 14 | 106 ± 14 | 106 ± 13 | 0.39 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL)b | 164 (126–217) | 172 (116–235) | 148 (120–188) | 163 (135–218) | 162 (120–221) | 0.81 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)a | 42 ± 9 | 37 ± 9 | 35 ± 8 | 45 ± 8 | 40 ± 9 | < 0.001d |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)b | 108 (94–130) | 110 (96–125) | 106 (95–119) | 117 (105–140) | 108 (96–129) | 0.35 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)b | 130 (120–140) | 132 (122–140) | 128 (120–140) | 130 (122–140) | 130 (120–140) | 0.80 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)b | 84 (80–90) | 89 (83–95) | 87 (80–90) | 90 (83–93) | 87 (80–90) | 0.15 |
25OHD (ng/mL)a | 26 ± 8 | 29 ± 10 | 32 ± 10 | 30 ± 9 | 28 ± 9 | 0.014e |
Total serum calcium (mg/dL)a | 10.1 ± 0.7 | 9.9 ± 0.7 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.8 ± 0.4 | 9.9 ± 0.7 | < 0.001f |
PTH (pg/mL)b | 35 (25–51) | 35 (22–48) | 25 (17–34) | 36 (20–41) | 34 (22–47) | 0.06 |
Vitamin D intake (IU/day)b | 109 (63–150) | 82 (45–141) | 80 (60–124) | 91 (67–158) | 90 (59–146) | 0.28 |
Calcium intake (mg/day)b | 473 (315–632) | 426 (254–560) | 409 (245–639) | 404 (297–524) | 441 (294–593) | 0.30 |