Adipose tissue-derived cytokines and their correlations with clinical characteristics in Vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 3 Correlation between studied adipokines and clinical parameters of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Clinical characteristics	Leptin (ng/ml)		Resistin (ng/ml)		Visfatin (ng/ml)		MCP-1 (pg/ml)		SFRP5 (ng/ml)		RBP4 (ng/ml)
Clinical characteristics	ρ (rho)	P value	ρ (rho)	P value	ρ (rho)	P value	ρ (rho)	P value	ρ (rho)	P value	ρ (rho)	P value
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	− 0.035	0.57	− 0.32	< 0.0001	− 0.22	0.006	− 0.42	< 0.0001	− 0.25	0.001	0.4	< 0.0001
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	0.13	0.043	− 0.13	0.048	0.12	0.15	− 0.02	0.75	− 0.05	0.54	0.16	0.038
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	0.17	0.006	0.014	0.84	0.1	0.2	0.005	0.94	0.14	0.092	− 0.02	0.76
HDL-C (mmol/l)	− 0.007	0.91	0.082	0.21	− 0.03	0.71	0.065	0.3	0.051	0.53	− 0.16	0.015
LDL-C (mmol/l)	0.15	0.02	0.095	0.15	− 0.002	0.98	− 0.02	0.76	0.28	< 0.0001	− 0.04	0.57
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (%)	0.03	0.64	− 0.29	< 0.0001	− 0.17	0.34	− 0.35	< 0.0001	− 0.18	0.023	0.41	< 0.0001
Insulin (mIU/l)	0.43	< 0.0001	0.05	0.47	− 0.03	0.68	− 0.02	0.71	− 0.03	0.73	− 0.07	0.29
HOMA-IR	0.31	< 0.0001	− 0.14	0.34	− 0.15	0.064	− 0.25	< 0.0001	− 0.17	0.031	0.14	0.029
QUICKI	− 0.29	< 0.0001	0.13	0.057	0.17	0.038	0.26	< 0.0001	0.19	0.019	− 0.14	0.029
HOMA-β	0.3	< 0.0001	0.33	< 0.0001	0.14	0.084	0.33	< 0.0001	0.21	0.007	− 0.37	< 0.0001

The correlations between studied adipokines and clinical parameters of overweight and T2DM were calculated by using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Spearman’s rho (ρ) and P values are presented
HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HOMA-IR Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance, QUICKI Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, HOMA-β homeostatic model assessment-β-cell function