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Table 2 Association between smoking status and CBC parameters (adjusted for age and sex)

From: Hookah smoking is strongly associated with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity: a population-based study

Groups

No smoker (n: 6742)

Ex-smoker (n: 976)

Cigarette smoking (n: 864)

Hookah smoking (n: 1067)

Cigarette and hookah (n: 41)

p value

WBC (×103/µl)

5.95 ± 1.46

6.16 ± 1.58a

6.97 ± 1.98ab

6.05 ± 1.51ac

6.58 ± 1.86ad

< 0.001

RBC (×106/µl)

4.82 ± 0.47

4.95 ± 0.57

5.04 ± 0.49ab

4.8 ± 0.47abc

4.93 ± 0.84d

< 0.001

Hb (mg/dl)

13.57 ± 1.53

14.14 ± 1.46a

14.76 ± 3.01a

13.42 ± 1.61b

14.16 ± 2.22

< 0.001

HCT (%)

40.81 ± 5.32

42.37 ± 4.56

43.79 ± 3.67a

40.52 ± 3.99a

42.41 ± 7.14

0.001

MCV (fl)

84.61 ± 6.09

85.49 ± 5.78a

86.96 ± 5.64ab

84.47 ± 5.95bc

86.19 ± 3.78

< 0.001

MCH (pg)

28.24 ± 2.73

28.6 ± 2.23

29.16 ± 2.24ab

27.98 ± 2.68c

28.67 ± 1.74

< 0.001

MCHC (g/dl)

33.23 ± 1.65

33.3 ± 1.43

33.49 ± 1.25

33.07 ± 1.57

33.32 ± 1.11

0.065

PLT (×103/µl)

231.43 ± 60.29

227.37 ± 53.12a

210.85 ± 51.48b

238.55 ± 68.78c

236.31 ± 67.15c

0.004

RDW (%)

41.42 ± 3.18

41.92 ± 3.11a

42.83 ± 3.14ab

41.9 ± 3.33ac

42 ± 2.56

< 0.001

  1. Values expressed in mean ± SD
  2. αNo-smoker vs ex-smoker, cigarette, hookah
  3. bEx-smoker vs cigarette, hookah
  4. cCigarette vs hookah