Table 1 Demographics and health history differences across BMI classes among all adults

Categorical covariates

Region: n (%)

 North

768 (2.2%)

365 (2.3%)

260 (2.2%)

100 (2.3%)

30 (2.4%)

13 (1.8%)

 Northeast

4885 (14.3%)

2381 (15.0%)

1671 (14.0%)

586 (13.3%)

155 (12.2%)

92 (13.0%)

 Center-West

2391 (7.0%)

1122 (7.1%)

858 (7.2%)

292 (6.6%)

80 (6.3%)

39 (5.5%)

 Southeast

20,420 (59.6%)

9269 (58.4%)

7181 (60.1%)

2732 (61.8%)

793 (62.5%)

445 (63.0%)

 South

5749 (16.8%)

2733 (17.2%)

1979 (16.6%)

709 (16.0%)

211 (16.6%)

117 (16.6%)

Sex: n (%)

 Male

17,540 (51.2%)

7410 (46.6%)

6908 (57.8%)

2372 (53.6%)

545 (42.9%)

305 (43.1%)

 Female

16,712 (48.8%)

8483 (53.4%)

5052 (42.2%)

2051 (46.4%)

724 (57.1%)

402 (56.9%)

Race: n (%)

 White

21,916 (64.0%)

10,025 (63.1%)

7688 (64.3%)

2903 (65.6%)

828 (65.2%)

472 (66.8%)

 Black

2714 (7.9%)

1215 (7.6%)

979 (8.2%)

347 (7.8%)

110 (8.7%)

63 (8.9%)

 Amarelo

867 (2.5%)

487 (3.1%)

259 (2.2%)

87 (2.0%)

23 (1.8%)

11 (1.6%)

 Pardo

8215 (24.0%)

3878 (24.4%)

2882 (24.1%)

1023 (23.1%)

283 (22.3%)

149 (21.1%)

 Indigena

209 (0.6%)

109 (0.7%)

60 (0.5%)

25 (0.6%)

8 (0.6%)

7 (1.0%)

 Decline to answer

331 (1.0%)

179 (1.1%)

92 (0.8%)

38 (0.9%)

17 (1.3%)

5 (0.7%)

Education: n (%)

 High school or less

12,201 (35.6%)

5654 (35.6%)

4235 (35.4%)

1564 (35.4%)

461 (36.3%)

287 (40.6%)

 At least some college

22,051 (64.4%)

10,239 (64.4%)

7725 (64.6%)

2859 (64.6%)

808 (63.7%)

420 (59.4%)

Socioeconomic status: n (%)

 A1–A2 [upper class]

4351 (12.7%)

1844 (11.6%)

1634 (13.7%)

612 (13.8%)

172 (13.6%)

89 (12.6%)

 B1–B2 [middle class]

19,321 (56.4%)

8715 (54.8%)

6905 (57.7%)

2608 (64.4%)

705 (55.6%)

388 (54.9%)

 C1 [lower middle class]

6967 (20.3%)

3382 (21.3%)

2314 (19.3%)

832 (18.8%)

282 (22.2%)

157 (22.2%)

 C2 [skilled working class]

2730 (8.0%)

1449 (9.1%)

850 (7.1%)

283 (6.4%)

92 (7.2%)

56 (7.9%)

 D [lower working class]

812 (2.4%)

469 (3.0%)

231 (1.9%)

83 (1.9%)

15 (1.2%)

14 (2.0%)

 E [lowest income earners]

71 (0.2%)

34 (0.2%)

26 (0.2%)

5 (0.1%)

3 (0.2%)

3 (0.4%)

Marital status: n (%)

 Single

15,236 (44.5%)

8169 (51.4%)

4695 (39.3%)

1574 (35.6%)

500 (39.4%)

298 (42.1%)

 Married

19,016 (55.5%)

7724 (48.6%)

7265 (60.7%)

2849 (64.4%)

769 (60.6%)

409 (57.9%)

Exercise 20+ min ≥ 1 times in past month: n (%)

 Exercise 0 times

13,729 (40.1%)

5938 (37.4%)

4675 (39.1%)

2039 (46.1%)

676 (53.3%)

401 (56.7%)

 Exercise ≥ 1 times

20,523 (59.9%)

9955 (62.6%)

7285 (60.9%)

2384 (53.9%)

593 (46.7%)

306 (43.3%

Smoking status: n (%)

 Currently smokes

4290 (12.5%)

2024 (12.7%)

1515 (12.7%)

504 (11.4%)

159 (12.5%)

88 (12.4%)

 Trying to quit smoking

2002 (5.8%)

901 (5.7%)

745 (6.2%)

255 (5.8%)

61 (4.8%)

40 (5.7%)

 Former smoker

7762 (22.7%)

3053 (19.2%)

2838 (23.7%)

1316 (29.8%)

386 (30.4%)

169 (23.9%)

 Never smoked

20,198 (59.0%)

9915 (62.4%)

6862 (57.4%)

2348 (53.1%)

663 (52.2%)

410 (58.0%)

Alcohol consumption: n (%)

 Alcohol ≤ 1 time

28,914 (84.4%)

13,606 (85.6%)

9831 (82.2%)

3726 (84.2%)

1118 (88.1%)

633 (89.5%)

 Alcohol ≥ 2–3 times

5338 (15.6%)

2287 (14.4%)

2129 (17.8%)

697 (15.8%)

151 (11.9%)

74 (10.5%)

Labor force participation: n (%)

 Not in labor force

7949 (23.2%)

3761 (23.7%)

2730 (22.8%)

1014 (22.9%)

281 (22.1%)

163 (23.1%)

 In labor force

26,303 (76.8%)

12,132 (76.3%)

9230 (77.2%)

3409 (77.1%)

988 (77.9%)

544 (76.9%)

Continuous covariates

CCI: mean ± SD

0.34 ± 0.91

0.30 ± 0.88

0.33 ± 0.86

0.40 ± 0.96

0.45 ± .96

0.53 ± 1.62

Age: mean ± SD

40.67 ± 15.44

38.22 ± 15.97

43.00 ± 15.15

42.88 ± 13.94

41.98 ± 13.17

39.95 ± 12.11