Table 5 Clinic and laboratory data for diabetic macular edema by geographic region
From: Regional differences in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy: a multi center study in Brazil
Variables | Diabetic macular edema | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | ||
Duration of diabetes, years Mean (SD) | |||
Southeast | 19.8 ± 7.5 | 16.7 ± 9.7 | 0.047 |
South | 28.7 ± 8.3 | 17.4 ± 9.9 | 0.059 |
North and Northeast | 15.0 ± 8.0 | 12.5 ± 7.7 | 0.276 |
Midwest | 24.9 ± 10.3 | 13.3 ± 8.2 | 0.000 |
Level of HbA1c (%) Mean (SD) | |||
Southeast | 9.6 ± 2.9 | 8.8 ± 2.0 | 0.328 |
South | 10.5 ± 3.3 | 9.0 ± 2.1 | 0.059 |
North and Northeast | 12.0 ± 3.1 | 9.2 ± 2.2 | 0.009 |
Midwest | 8.8 ± 1.7 | 9.1 ± 2.1 | 0.658 |
BMI Mean (SD) | |||
Southeast | 25.4 ± 4.0 | 24.5 ± 4.5 | 0.250 |
South | 25.5 ± 0.8 | 24.5 ± 3.9 | 0.409 |
North and Northeast | 23.9 ± 2.8 | 23.5 ± 3.6 | 0.718 |
Midwest | 25.1 ± 5.0 | 23.8 ± 4.4 | 0.353 |
Hypertension | |||
Southeast | |||
Yes | 10 (7.1%)a | 130 (92.9%) | 0.001 |
No | 9 (1.5%) | 602 (98.5%)a | |
South | |||
Yes | 2 (3.5%) | 55 (96.5%) | 0.168 |
No | 1 (0.6%) | 160 (99.4%) | |
North and Northeast | |||
Yes | 2 (3.5%) | 55 (96.5%) | 0.252 |
No | 6 (1.5%) | 407 (98.5%) | |
Midwest | |||
Yes | 6 (17.6%)b | 28 (82.4%) | 0.016 |
No | 8 (4.7%) | 161 (95.3%)b | |
Hypercholesterolemia | |||
Southeast | |||
Yes | 10 (5.3%)b | 180 (94.7%) | 0.013 |
No | 9 (1.6%) | 550 (75.3%)b | |
South | |||
Yes | 1 (2.0%) | 48 (98.0%) | 0.536 |
No | 2 (1.2%) | 167 (98.8%) | |
North and Northeast | |||
Yes | 3 (4.1%) | 71 (95.9%) | 0.116 |
No | 5 (1.3%) | 391 (98.7%) | |
Midwest | |||
Yes | 5 (13.2%) | 33 (86.8%) | 0.146 |
No | 9 (5.5%) | 156 (94.5%) | |