Table 1 Summary of included studies
Study | Age | Number of subjects | BMI (kg/m2) | Baseline FMD (%) | Intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EXP | CON | EXP | CON | EXP | CON | EXP | CON | EXP | |
Gainey et al. [43] | 58 ± 10.4 | 63 ± 6.6 | 2/10 | 2/9 | 27.1 ± 4.8 | 26.6 ± 4.6 | 5.6 ± 4.2 | 3.9 ± 3.0 | AE with walking meditation, 12 weeks, 3/week, 50 m, 50–70% HRmax |
Gibbs et al. [47] | 58 ± 5 | 56 ± 6 | 32/17 | 37/26 | 32.3 ± 5.3 | 33.5 ± 4.3 | 6.0 ± 4.0 | 6.2 ± 4.3 | Combined AE and RE, 26 weeks, 3/week, > 60 m, 60–90% HRmax, 50% 1RM, 7 × 2 × 12–15 |
Kwon et al. [44] | AE:55.5 ± 8.6 RE:56.3 ± 6.1 | 58.9 ± 5.7 | 0/13 0/12 | 0/15 | 26.7 ± 2.6 27.4 ± 2.1 | 27.0 ± 2.3 | 4.3 ± 1.6 4.9 ± 2.5 | 4.7 ± 1.9 | AE vs RE, 12 weeks, AE: 5/week, RE: 3/week, 60 m, AE: 3.6–6.0 METs, RE: 40–50% 1RM, 10 × 3 × Not specified |
Mitranun et al. [48] | CONT: 61.7 ± 10.1 INT:61.2 ± 10.5 | 60.9 ± 9.3 | 5/9 5/9 | 5/10 | 29.4 ± 2.6 29.6 ± 1.9 | 29.7 ± 1.5 | 4.8 ± 6.0 5.4 ± 4.1 | 5.1 ± 5.0 | CONT vs INT AE, 12 weeks, 3/week, 30–40 m, CONT: 60–65% VO2peak, INT: 80–85% (1 m) and 50–60% VO2peak (4 m) |
Okada et al. [45] | 61.9 ± 8.6 | 64.5 ± 5.9 | 10/11 | 11/6 | 25.7 ± 3.2 | 24.5 ± 2.9 | 7.3 ± 4.7 | 6.4 ± 3.6 | Combined AE and RE, 12 weeks, 3–5/week, 65 m, AE: 60% HRmax, RE: N/A |
Schreuder et al. [41] | 57 ± 6 | 52 ± 8 | 9/1 | 5/4 | 30.9 ± 4.1 | 36.0 ± 6.5 | 3.6 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | Combined AE and RE, 8 weeks, 3/week, > 60 m, 70–75% HRR, RE: N/A, in hypoxia (16.5% O2) |
Schreuder et al. [42] | 60 ± 5 | 59 ± 6 | 8/0 | 10/0 | 32.8 ± 8.3 | 31.9 ± 4.6 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 2.3 | Combined AE and RE (Circuit), 8 weeks, 3/week, 60 m, 70–75% HRR, 12RM, 6 × 3 × 12, ET receptor blockade |
Schreuder et al. [46] | 59 ± 6 | 58 ± 7 | 13/0 | 10/0 | 32.4 ± 4.2 | 26.9 ± 3.5 | 3.4 ± 2.1 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | Combined AE and RE (Circuit), 8 weeks, 3/week, 60 m, 70–75% HRR, 12RM, 6 × 3 × 12 |