Table 3 Prevalence of DPN for patients with type 2 DM using MNSI according to relevant socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics
Variables | Neuropathy status | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Without DPN n = 607 (100%) | With DPN n = 396 (100%) | ||
Gender | 0.137 | ||
 Male | 201 (41.9) | 279 (58.1) | |
 Female | 195 (37.3) | 328 (62.7) | |
Age group (year): (mean ± SD) | (62.7 ± 9.2) | (57.8 ± 9.7) | < 0.001* |
 < 50 | 23 (17.4) | 109 (82.6) | |
 50–69 | 269 (38.9) | 423 (61.1) | |
 ≥ 70 | 104 (58.1) | 75 (41.9) | |
Marital status | 0.777 | ||
 Single/divorced and widowed | 52 (40.6) | 76 (59.4) | |
 Married | 344 (39.3) | 531 (60.7) | |
Working status | <Â 0.001* | ||
 Unemployed | 175 (50.9) | 169 (49.1) | |
 Employed | 83 (29.6) | 197 (70.4) | |
 Retired | 138 (36.4) | 241 (63.6) | |
Physical activity | <Â 0.001* | ||
 Regular | 29 (31.5) | 63 (68.5) | |
 Not regular | 72 (25) | 216 (75) | |
 No physical activity | 295 (47.4) | 328 (52.6) | |
Family history of diabetes | 0.014* | ||
 Present | 356 (41) | 513 (59) | |
 Absent | 40 (29.9) | 94 (70.1) | |
Regular visit to treating physicians | <Â 0.001* | ||
 Yes | 342 (37.3) | 575 (62.7) | |
 No | 54 (62.8) | 32 (37.2) | |
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2): (mean ± SD) | (32.9 ± 6.0) | (31.4 ± 5.3) | 0.052 |
 Normal | 32 (37.6) | 53 (62.4) | |
 Over weight | 103 (34.1) | 199 (65.9) | |
 Obese | 261 (42.4) | 355 (57.6) | |
Duration of diabetes (year): (mean ± SD) | (14.1 ± 7.4) | (6.0 ± 5.1) | < 0.001* |
 < 5 | 29 (8.7) | 304 (91.3) | |
 5–11 | 139 (39) | 217 (61) | |
 ≥ 12 | 288 (72.6) | 86 (27.4) | |
Having hypertension | <Â 0.001* | ||
SBP mmHg (mean ± SD) | (142.4 ± 18.1) | (138.3 ± 17.5) | |
DBP mmHg (mean ± SD) | (77.0 ± 11.3) | (78.2 ± 10.1) | |
 Yes | 374 (43.5) | 486 (56.5) | |
 No | 22 (15.4) | 121 (84.6) | |
Nephropathy | <Â 0.001* | ||
 Yes | 65 (69.1) | 29 (30.9) | |
 No | 331 (36.4) | 578 (63.6) | |
Cardiovascular disease | <Â 0.001* | ||
 Yes | 210 (54.8) | 173 (45.2) | |
 No | 186 (30) | 434 (70) | |
Dyslipidemia | <Â 0.001* | ||
 Yes | 381 (43) | 505 (57) | |
 No | 15 (12.8) | 102 (87.2) | |
TC (mean ± SD) | (178.6 ± 54) | (170.9 ± 47.3) | 0.016 |
LDL (mean ± SD) | (101.0 ± 30.1) | (102.1 ± 31.1) | < 0.001* |
HDL (mean ± SD) | (39.5 ± 11.3) | (41.9 ± 11.5) | 0.001 |
TG (mean ± SD) | (177.4 ± 81.7) | (160.2 ± 71.8) | 0.558 |
Statin therapy | 381 (96.2%) | 505 (83.2%) | <Â 0.001* |
Retinopathy | <Â 0.001* | ||
 Yes | 132 (67.3) | 64 (32.7) | |
 No | 264 (32.7) | 543 (67.3) | |
Type of treatment | <Â 0.001* | ||
 Insulin only | 77 (60.2) | 51 (39.8) | |
 Oral hypoglycemia agents only | 120 (22.8) | 407 (77.2) | |
 Oral hypoglycemia agents and insulin | 199 (57.2) | 149 (42.8) | |
HbA1C (%): (mean ± SD) | (8.0% ± 1.5) | (7.1% ± 1.3) | < 0.001* |
 Controlled < 7% | 96 (22.7) | 326 (77.3) | |
 Uncontrolled ≥ 7% | 300 (51.6) | 281 (48.4) | |