Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics by BMI categories

From: Association of body mass index and visceral fat with aortic valve calcification and mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the obesity paradox in severe aortic stenosis

 

Overall

n = 170

Normal weight

n = 64

Overweight

n = 62

Obese

n = 44

p valuea

p valueb

Demographics

 Age, years

78.9 ± 7.5

79.3 ± 8.3

79.5 ± 7.1

77.6 ± 6.8

1

0.08

 Male, n (%)

84 (49.4)

40 (62.5)

29 (46.8)

15 (24.0)

0.07

0.19

Risk factors

 Hypertension, n (%)

138 (81.2)

48 (75.1)

50 (80.7)

40 (90.9)

0.44

0.15

 Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

118 (69.4)

38 (59.4)

44 (70.2)

36 (81.8)

0.17

0.20

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

70 (41.2)

21 (32.8)

25 (40.3)

24 (54.6)

0.38

0.15

 Current smoker, n (%)

5 (2.9)

2 (3.1)

1 (1.6)

2 (4.5)

0.08

0.85

 Former smoker, n (%)

23 (13.5)

8 (12.5)

9 (14.5)

6 (13.6)

0.87

0.79

History/comorbidity

 AF, n (%)

57 (33.5)

23 (35.9)

15 (24.2)

19 (43.2)

0.15

0.04

 COPD, n (%)

49 (28.8)

19 (36.7)

15 (24.2)

15 (34.1)

0.48

0.27

 Anaemia, n (%)

75 (44.1)

25 (39.1)

28 (45.2)

22 (50)

0.48

0.26

 Neoplasia, n (%)

23 (13.5)

10 (15.6)

10 (16.1)

3 (6.8)

0.94

0.18

Echocardiography

 AVA, cm2

0.6 ± 0.2

0.58 ± 0.14

0.63 ± 0.17

0.61 ± 0.22

0.62

1

 AVAi, cm2/m2

0.3 ± 0.09

0.35 ± 0.07

0.35 ± 0.09

0.32 ± 0.11

0.94

0.06

 PG, mmHg

82.3 ± 22.4

84.1 ± 21.6

78.1 ± 19.5

85.3 ± 26.3

0.14

0.61

 MG, mmHg

50.2 ± 14.6

50.9 ± 13.9

47.7 ± 13.6

52.1 ± 16.7

0.23

1

 LVEF, %

51.2 ± 10.4

49.3 ± 12.1

52.8 ± 9.6

52.5 ± 8.1

0.51

0.55

 LA, mm

48 ± 8

48.9 ± 7.8

47.7 ± 6.8

50.2 ± 6.0

1

0.29

 LVEDD, mm

52 (47–56)

52.8 ± 7.7

50.9 ± 7.5

52.5 ± 6.7

0.62

1

Coronary angiography

 ≥ 1 vessel disease, n (%)

58 (51.3)

22 (46.8)

24 (61.5)

12 (44.4)

0.17

0.84

Computed tomography

 Body fat depots

  EATi, mL/m2

51.4 ± 21.6

44.8 ± 23.0

52.6 ± 18.1

59.1 ± 21.8

0.04

< 0.01

  ITFi, mL

132.1 ± 54.0

110.8 ± 45.7

139.5 ± 56.7

151.1 ± 51.9

0.02

< 0.01

  VAFi, cm2/m2

81.2 ± 36.8

59.9 ± 31.1

88.4 ± 31.3

100.6 ± 36.9

< 0.01

< 0.01

  SAFi, cm2/m2

103.7 ± 43.5

77.4 ± 31.0

109.9 ± 41.1

130.2 ± 42.4

< 0.001

< 0.001

  TAFi, cm2/m2

187.3 ± 71.5

136.8 ± 17.2

204.8 ± 71.5

230.8 ± 58.0

< 0.001

< 0.01

 Aortic valve calcification

  Total mass score

533 (277; 961)

751 (344; 1144)

516 (283; 883)

456 (187; 908)

0.04

0.03

  RC mass score

156 (77; 526)

151 (65; 398)

156 (83; 264)

168 (64; 301)

0.89

0.68

  LC mass score

237 (118; 401)

279 (140; 472)

239 (134; 375)

171 (74; 284)

0.43

0.05

  NC mass score

161 (77; 303)

197 (110; 342)

131 (81; 417)

127 (38; 239)

0.07

0.08

Deaths

 All-cause deaths, n (%)

49 (28.8)

21 (32.8)

15 (24.2)

13 (29.5)

0.28

0.72

 Cardiovascular related-deaths, n (%)

25 (14.7)

10 (17.2)

7 (12.7)

8 (19.5)

0.50

0.77

  1. Values are mean ± SD or n (%)
  2. AVA aortic valve area, AVAi aortic valve area index, AF atrial fibrillation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, EATi epicardial adipose tissue volume, ITFi intrathoracic fat volume index, LA left atrium, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, MG mean gradient, PG peak gradient, SAFi subcutaneous abdominal fat index, TAFi total abdominal fat index, VAFi visceral abdominal fat index
  3. aComparison between normal weight and overweight
  4. bComparison between normal weight and obese