Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study subjects
Parameter | Shift work | Day work | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
No | 870 | 862 | Â |
Age (years) (n, %) | |||
 25–40 | 338 (38.9) | 354 (41.1) | 0.35 |
 40–50 | 411 (47.2) | 365 (42.3) | 0.04 |
 50–60 | 113 (13.0) | 122 (14.2) | 0.48 |
 > 60 | 8 (0.9) | 21 (2.4) | 0.02 |
Alcohol use (n, %) | |||
 Never | 470 (54.0) | 501 (58.1) | 0.09 |
 Former | 25 (2.9) | 20 (2.3) | 0.47 |
 Current | 375 (43.1) | 341 (39.6) | 0.13 |
Smoking (n, %) | |||
 Never | 404 (46.4) | 506 (58.7) | < 0.0001 |
 Former | 104 (12.0) | 101 (11.7) | 0.88 |
 Current | 362 (41.6) | 255 (29.6) | < 0.0001 |
Betel quid use (n, %) | |||
 Never | 636 (73.1) | 747 (86.7) | < 0.0001 |
 Former | 94 (10.8) | 43 (5.0) | < 0.0001 |
 Current | 140 (16.1) | 72 (8.4) | < 0.0001 |
Physical exercise in the past month (n, %) | |||
 Hardly ever | 225 (25.9) | 127 (14.7) | < 0.0001 |
 Once | 86 (9.9) | 87 (10.1) | 0.91 |
 Twice or more | 559 (64.3) | 648 (75.2) | < 0.0001 |
Poor sleep (n, %) | |||
 Almost never | 600 (69.0) | 683 (79.2) | < 0.0001 |
 Sometimes | 181 (20.8) | 122 (14.2) | 0.002 |
 Often or almost always | 89 (10.2) | 57 (6.6) | 0.02 |
Central obesity (n, %) | 338 (38.9) | 292 (33.9) | 0.03 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 436 (50.1) | 353 (41.1) | 0.0002 |
Hypertriglyceridemia (n, %) | 315 (36.2) | 271 (31.4) | 0.04 |
Low–high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (n, %) | 224 (25.8) | 224 (26.0) | 0.91 |
Dysglycemia (n, %) | 300 (34.5) | 288 (33.4) | 0.64 |
Metabolic syndrome (n, %) | 276 (31.7) | 233 (27.0) | 0.03 |