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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the participants according to ISIMatsuda quartiles

From: The relationship between insulin sensitivity and heart rate-corrected QT interval in patients with type 2 diabetes

Variables

Total

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

p for trend

ISIMatsuda

99.4 (65.9–151.8)

48.2 (36.9–57.9)

82.0 (73.6–89.8)

120.7 (109.5–135.4)

214.8 (175.0–289.8)

<0.001

log ISIMatsuda

4.61 ± 0.67

3.78 ± 0.36

4.40 ± 0.12

4.80 ± 0.16

5.46 ± 0.37

<0.001

n

2927

733

727

730

737

–

Age (years)

56 ± 14

57 ± 14

56 ± 14

56 ± 13

55 ± 13

0.280

Female, n (%)

1394 (47.6)

428 (58.4)

368 (50.6)

298 (40.8)

300 (40.7)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

25.0 ± 3.9

26.3 ± 4.1

25.5 ± 3.9

24.5 ± 3.6

23.6 ± 3.3

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

135 ± 17

137 ± 17

136 ± 18

134 ± 17

132 ± 18

<0.001

DBP (mmHg)

80 ± 11

80 ± 10

80 ± 11

80 ± 10

79 ± 11

0.073

Diabetic duration (years)

3.0 (0.3–9.0)

4.0 (0.3–10.0)

3.0 (0.3–10.0)

3.0 (0.3–8.0)

3.0 (0.3–9.0)

0.209

Antidiabetic treatment

 Lifestyle intervention alone, n (%)

313 (10.7)

69 (9.4)

71 (9.8)

79 (10.8)

94 (12.8)

0.067

 Insulin treatments, n (%)

871 (29.8)

259 (35.3)

217 (29.8)

198 (27.1)

197 (26.7)

0.031

 Insulin-secretagogues, n (%)

1168 (39.9)

255 (34.8)

304 (41.8)

328 (44.9)

281 (38.1)

0.106

 Insulin-sensitisers, n (%)

1873 (64.0)

455 (62.1)

470 (64.6)

491 (67.3)

457 (62.0)

0.765

Hypertension, n (%)

1089 (37.2)

338 (46.1)

306 (42.1)

252 (34.5)

193 (26.2)

<0.001

Statins medication, n (%)

1079 (36.9)

303 (41.3)

296 (40.7)

264 (36.2)

216 (29.3)

<0.001

Smoking, n (%)

892 (30.5)

231 (31.5)

232 (31.9)

215 (29.5)

215 (29.0)

0.193

Drinking, n (%)

476 (16.3)

159 (21.7)

131 (18.0)

119 (16.3)

67 (9.1)

<0.001

CHD, n (%)

262 (9.0)

82 (11.2)

74 (10.2)

49 (6.7)

57 (7.7)

0.008

TG (mmol/L)

1.61 (1.02–2.59)

2.06 (1.33–3.20)

1.76 (1.15–2.74)

1.56 (1.00–2.47)

1.15 (0.77–1.86)

<0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.73 ± 1.25

4.82 ± 1.43

4.81 ± 1.21

4.75 ± 1.19

4.53 ± 1.14

<0.001

HDLC (mmol/L)

1.07 ± 0.29

1.03 ± 0.26

1.06 ± 0.26

1.07 ± 0.30

1.13 ± 0.31

<0.001

LDLC (mmol/L)

2.51 ± 0.82

2.55 ± 0.81

2.54 ± 0.85

2.48 ± 0.81

2.45 ± 0.80

0.021

Serum UA (μmol/L)

286 ± 105

305 ± 104

285 ± 101

285 ± 102

270 ± 108

<0.001

HbA1c (%)

8.29 ± 1.23

8.51 ± 1.32

8.36 ± 1.22

8.23 ± 1.18

8.08 ± 1.14

<0.001

QTc (ms)

419 ± 32

432 ± 33

423 ± 29

414 ± 31

408 ± 31

<0.001

Prolonged QTc, n (%)

684 (23.4)

278 (37.9)

186 (25.6)

131 (17.9)

89 (12.1)

<0.001

  1. Normally distributed values in the table are given as the mean ± SD, non-normally distributed values are given as the median (25 and 75% interquartiles), and categorical variables are given as frequency (percentage)
  2. ISI Matsuda insulin sensitivity index of Matsuda, QTc heart rate-corrected QT, BMI body mass index, SBP/DBP systolic/diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDLC high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDLC low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Serum UA serum uric acid, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, CHD coronary heart disease
  3. p values for continuous variables and categorical variables were determined by ANOVA and the Chi squared test, respectively
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

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