Worse inflammatory profile in omnivores than in vegetarians associates with the gut microbiota composition

Table 1 Mean (standard deviation) or medians (interquartile range) of clinical data of participants according to dietary type

	Strict vegetarian	Lacto-ovo-vegetarian	Omnivore	p value
	N = 66	N = 102	N = 100	p value
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.2 (4.1)	24.4 (3.9)	26.4 (4.7)^{b, c}	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	79.7 (11.0)	81.7 (10.7)	86.5 (12.9)^{b, c}	0.001
Fat mass (%)	27.1 (9.2)	30.2 (8.2)	32.6 (9.1)^b	0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	115 (14)	118 (16)	119 (14)	0.328
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	72 (9)	73 (10)	74 (10)	0.501
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	91.8 (7.9)	92.3 (7.4)	94.6 (10.1)	0.076
Fasting insulin^a (μUI/mL)	6.5 (1.8)	7.4 (1.7)	9.2 (1.7)^{b, c}	<0.001
HOMA-IR^a	1.5 (1.8)	1.7 (1.7)	2.1 (1.8)^{b, c}	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	173.9 (36.9)	173.0 (35.6)	185.3 (33.6)^c	0.028
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	99.3 (31.0)	110.7 (27.2)	113.6 (29.8)^{b, c}	0.005
HDL-cholesterol^a (mg/dL)	51.7 (1.3)	49.7 (1.3)	50.4 (1.3)	0.614
Triglycerides^a (mg/dL)	96.5 (1.55)	92.2 (1.58)	93.4 (1.68)	0.831
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	0.5 (0.4–1.3)	0.8 (0.4–1.7)	1.1 (0.6–2.2)	0.007
Lipopolysaccharides (ng/mL)	31.8 (24.8–45.9)	33.5 (16.2–51.2)	39.5 (23.5–54.7)	0.008
Interleukin-10 (pg/mL)	0.3 (0.2–0.5)	0.3 (0.05–0.5)	0.3 (0.05–0.5)	0.402
TNF-α (pg/mL)	2.7 (1.7–3.6)	2.9 (1.5–5.0)	2.9 (1.9–4.5)	0.423
TNF-α/IL-10	7.3 (4.5–13.1)	10.5 (5.6–18.4)	11.7 (6.5–27.2)	0.015
E-selectin (pg/mL)	28.5 (17.5–53.5)	34.1 (21.0–48.4)	39.4 (23.5–54.7)	0.110

BP blood pressure, HOMA-IR insulin resistance index, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-10 interleukin-10
^aLog-transformed for analysis; values were back-transformed to return to the natural scale. ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test or Kruskal–Wallis test
^bVersus strict vegetarian
^cVersus lacto-ovo-vegetarian

ISSN: 1758-5996