Herb | Co-administered anti-diabetic drug | Experimental/clinical study | Observation | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aloe vera | Glibenclamide | Clinical | Additive effect on blood glucose lowering | |
Andrographis paniculata | NA | Experimental | Antihyperglycaemic effect Inhibits CYP2C19 activity | |
Cassia | Glibenclamide | Experimental | Comparable effect to glibenclamide | [87] |
Ginseng (Ginsenoside CK) | Metformin | Experimental | Combined treatment with CK—ginsenoside and metformin has shown enhanced effect compared to individual compounds. Significant improvements were observed in plasma glucose and insulin levels | [45] |
Karela-Bitter melon (Momordicacharantia) | Metformin | Clinical | Significant decrease in serum glucose was observed in combination of fruit juice extract at half the normal dose of metformin | [48] |
Glibenclamide | Clinical | Significant decrease in serum glucose was observed in combination of fruit juice extract at half normal dose of glibenclamide | [48] | |
Metformin | Experimental | Fruit juice showed significant hypoglycemic effect in combination in normal, STZ- and alloxan-diabetic rats | ||
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) | Glibenclamide | Experimental | Combination with ginger extract reduces blood glucose level greater than glibenclamide alone | [54] |
A sub-optimal dose of glibenclamide in combination with herb extract showed similar effects as a full therapeutic dose of glibenclamide | ||||
Metformin | Experimental | Ginger reduces hyperglycaemia and improved renal dysfunction in diabetic rats at reduced metformin dose. Combination of metformin and ginger juice ameliorates gentamicin nephrotoxicity | ||
Lycium-Berberislyceum royle | Antidiabetics | Experimental | Significant reduction in glucose | [85] |
Prickly pear cactus (Nopal) | Glipizide | Clinical | Hypoglycaemic adverse reaction with combination | [58] |
Metformin | ||||
Sesame oil | Glibenclamide | Clinical | Improved anti-hyperglycaemic effect in combination | [61] |
Fenugreek | Metformin | Experimental | Significant reduction in plasma glucose level | [64] |
Glibenclamide | Experimental | Seed extract and glibenclamide inhibited induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and exhibited higher antioxidant activity | [64] | |
Garlic | Metformin | Experimental | Herb is capable of affecting the pharmacokinetics of metformin resulting in reduced blood glucose level | [66] |
Experimental | Combination therapy has better reducing effect on blood glucose level | [67] | ||
Garlic with metformin in combination attenuates drug induced tubular toxicity | ||||
Experimental | Significant decrease in blood glucose level | |||
Gymnema | Metformin | Experimental | Decrease in bioavailability of metformin when given in combination with herbal tea; the combination did not decrease the serum glucose level compared to metformin alone | [73] |
Experimental | Gymnema sylvestre orally in chemically induced diabetic rats causes decreases in bioavailability of metformin and increase in blood glucose- therefore negative interaction observed | [74] | ||
Experimental | Beneficial pharmacodynamic effects on blood glucose reduction by combination compared to individual metformin; but reduced metformin bioavailability | [75] | ||
St. John’s wort | Metformin | Clinical | Decreased renal clearance of metformin but no other pharmacokinetic effects. However SJW decreased the area under glucose concentration-time curve. Improved glucose tolerance by enhancing insulin secretion independently of insulin sensitivity in male subjects taking metformin | [77] |
Repaglinide | Clinical | No effect on blood glucose lowering and insulin elevating effects of repaglinide. No significant effect on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repaglinide | [78] | |
Radix astragali | Pioglitazone | Experimental | Co-administration did not affect pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone | [80] |
Scutellaria | Metformin | Experimental | Significant elevations of plasma and pancreatic levels and reduction of plasma and hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol | [118] |
Herb enhanced the antidiabetic action of metformin |