Low serum adiponectin level is associated with metabolic syndrome and is an independent marker of peripheral arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients

Chen, Ming-Chun; Lee, Chung-Jen; Yang, Chiu-Fen; Chen, Yu-Chih; Wang, Ji-Hung; Hsu, Bang-Gee

doi:10.1186/s13098-017-0247-8

Table 4 Clinical variables with arterial stiffness in the hypertensive patients with or without metabolic syndrome

From: Low serum adiponectin level is associated with metabolic syndrome and is an independent marker of peripheral arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients

Variables	No metabolic syndrome (n = 38)			Metabolic syndrome (n = 63)
Variables	Low AS group (n = 22)	High AS group (n = 16)	P value	Low AS group (n = 7)	High AS group (n = 56)	P value
Age (years)	63.00 ± 8.94	70.44 ± 10.37	0.023*	67.14 ± 8.65	63.75 ± 9.30	0.363
Height (cm)	161.237 ± 5.95	163.59 ± 8.73	0.326	157.00 ± 8.72	161.16 ± 8.98	0.251
Body weight (kg)	62.36 ± 11.20	64.69 ± 10.42	0.520	67.43 ± 5.65	74.36 ± 13.23	0.178
Waist circumference (cm)	84.09 ± 11.04	85.81 ± 6.88	0.586	92.14 ± 4.18	99.32 ± 9.70	0.646
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.95 ± 3.77	24.05 ± 2.44	0.930	27.46 ± 2.67	28.45 ± 3.34	0.454
Left baPWV (m/s)	10.64 ± 2.41	15.43 ± 0.86	<0.001*	13.13 ± 0.98	17.22 ± 2.45	<0.001*
Right baPWV (m/s)	10.56 ± 2.52	15.06 ± 1.03	<0.001*	13.00 ± 1.13	17.55 ± 2.66	<0.001*
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	122.50 ± 13.87	136.06 ± 8.97	0.002*	127.86 ± 18.14	137.68 ± 17.39	0.166
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	69.50 ± 9.53	76.25 ± 11.14	0.052	73.00 ± 7.53	76.20 ± 10.97	0.458
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	53.00 ± 12.95	59.81 ± 11.62	0.104	54.86 ± 17.40	61.48 ± 15.74	0.303
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	178.14 ± 37.05	175.31 ± 44.50	0.832	181.43 ± 52.21	171.25 ± 40.55	0.546
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	107.00 (72.25–128.50)	101.00 (76.25–138.00)	0.429	65.00 (45.00–164.00)	153.00 (114.75–220.25)	0.026*
HDL-C (mg/dL)	49.00 ± 12.39	51.56 ± 16.78	0.591	53.86 ± 9.01	40.55 ± 10.83	0.003*
LDL-C (mg/dL)	107.41 ± 28.40	102.06 ± 36.51	0.614	104.14 ± 38.86	100.11 ± 30.95	0.753
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	98.00 (92.50–121.25)	95.50 (89.00–106.00)	0.636	113.00 (96.00–124.00)	123.50 (104.25–167.00)	0.344
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	16.00 ± 3.60	16.31 ± 4.56	0.815	19.00 ± 10.55	18.02 ± 5.93	0.709
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.01 ± 0.27	1.19 ± 0.28	0.059	1.17 ± 0.49	1.15 ± 0.33	0.890
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min)	79.23 ± 18.66	64.00 ± 17.66	0.016*	64.86 ± 24.69	66.80 ± 19.61	0.811
Total calcium (mg/dL)	9.03 ± 0.31	9.08 ± 0.48	0.864	9.22 ± 0.46	9.20 ± 0.35	0.850
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	3.39 ± 0.53	3.40 ± 0.37	0.953	3.66 ± 0.40	3.56 ± 0.57	0.677
Ca X IP product (mg²/dL²)	30.64 ± 5.07	30.81 ± 4.17	0.912	33.77 ± 4.49	32.81 ± 5.59	0.663
iPTH (pg/mL)	49.20 (32.78–64.83)	50.35 (36.13–74.60)	0.881	56.80 (37.90–75.90)	43.70 (27.00–54.40)	0.389
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	0.16 (0.12–0.19)	0.17 (0.12–0.20)	0.581	0.17 (0.12–0.20)	0.25 (0.18–0.38)	0.015*
Insulin (uIU/mL)	9.68 (5.64–19.54)	10.11 (6.26–13.67)	0.662	9.61 (5.05–17.91)	16.75 (9.56–29.32)	0.155
HOMA1-IR	2.56 (1.59–5.01)	2.34 (1.41–3.80)	0.791	3.34 (1.53–4.67)	4.77 (2.98–9.22)	0.165
HOMA2-IR	1.27 (0.79–2.48)	1.35 (0.81–1.81)	0.919	1.48 (0.71–2.31)	2.17 (1.36–3.91)	0.114
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	38.98 (28.29–50.67)	35.29 (25.62–44.77)	0.272	44.71 (24.14–61.15)	25.41 (20.66–32.69)	<0.001*

Values for continuous variables given as mean ± standard deviation and compared by Student’s t test; variables not normally distributed given as medians and interquartile range and compared by Mann–Whitney U test
AS arterial stiffness, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, iPTH intact parathyroid hormone, Ca X IP product Calcium-phosphorous product HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
* P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant

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