Table 2 General baseline characteristics of participants with and without T2DM

Number of participants

1056

830

Female sex, n (%)

494 (46.8)

380 (45.9)

0.71

Age, year, median (IQR)

65.5 (58.1–72.9)

65.9 (58.9–72.9)

0.66

Age of onset diabetes, year, median (IQR)

59 (51–67)

51 (44–59)

<0.001

Duration of diabetes, year, median (IQR)

4.5 (1.2–7.9)

12.5 (7.2–17.8)

<0.001

BMI, kg/m², median (IQR)

29.0 (26.0–32.0)

30.2 (26.8–33.7)

<0.001

HbA1c, mmol/mol, median (IQR)

48.6 (43.7–53.6)

56.3 (48.1–64.5)

<0.001

Diabetes treatment, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

 No medication

24.7 (248/1004/52)

12.0 (92/768/62)

<0.001

 Oral glucose-lowering agents

72.9 (732/1004/52)

53.1 (408/768/62)

<0.001

 Insulin

8.6 (86/1004/52)

63.3 (486/768/62)

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, median (IQR)

146 (133–159)

134 (126–143)

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, median (IQR)

79 (72–86)

75 (70–80)

<0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR)

4.2 (3.6–4.9)

4.1 (3.6–4.6)

0.047

Triglycerides, mmol/L, median (IQR)

1.4 (0.9–1.9)

1.5 (1.0–2.0)

0.104

HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR)

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

0.002

LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR)

2.5 (2.0–3.1)

2.1 (1.7–2.6)

<0.001

Creatinine, µmol/L, median (IQR)

76 (64–88)

81 (67–95)

<0.001

eGFR < 60 mL/min % (n/n available/n-missing)

16.4 (160/978/78)

27.2 (212/778/52)

<0.001

Cardiovascular disease, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

 Any macrovascular disease

34.8 (335/963/93)

41.9 (325/775/55)

0.002

 Ischemic heart disease

25.2 (252/1000/56)

31.5 (245/778/52)

0.004

 Ischemic brain disease

12.7 (124/973/83)

11.1 (87/784/46)

0.302

 Peripheral arterial disease

9.2 (88/958/98)

12.7 (105/825/5)

0.0181

Microvascular diabetes complications, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

 Any microvascular disease

20.7 (172/830/226)

48.2 (389/807/23)

<0.001

 Diabetic retinopathy

6.1 (59/962/94)

30.5 (249/816/15)

<0.001

 Diabetic nephropathy

15.4 (134/868/188)

31.0 (253/816/15)

<0.001

 Neuropathy

Unknown

31.2 (238/762/68)

N/A

Family history, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

 First-degree relative with T2DM

61.4 (586/955/101)

68.2 (518/759/71)

0.003

 First-degree relative with CVD

67.6 (608/899/157)

69.2 (478/691/139)

0.712

 Any relative with early-onset CVD

45.0 (436/968/88)

45.0 (344/764/66)

1.0

Descent

 Caucasian descent, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

90.3 (892/988/132 )

94.0 (721/767/63)

0.005

 Age of death father, year, median (IQR)

73 (65–82)

73 (65–82)

0.728

 Age of death mother, year, median (IQR)

79 (72–87)

77 (69–85)

0.055