Table 1 General baseline characteristics of participants with and without T2DM

Number of participants

1886

854

Female sex, n (%)

874 (46.4)

511 (59.8)

<0.001

Age, year, median (IQR)

65.7 (58.5–72.9)

64.9 (60.4–69.4)

0.72

Age of onset diabetes, year, median (IQR)

55 (47–63)

N/A

N/A

Duration of diabetes, year, median (IQR)

8.1 (2.8–13.5)

N/A

N/A

BMI, kg/m², median (IQR)

29.5 (26.4–32.7)

25.5 (23.3–27.7)

<0.001

HbA1c, mmol/mol, median (IQR)

50.8 (43.7–57.9)

37.7 (36.1–39.3)

<0.001

Diabetes treatment, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

 No glucose-lowering medication

19.2 (340/1772/114)

N/A

N/A

 Oral glucose-lowering agent

64.3 (1140/1773/113)

N/A

N/A

 Insulin

32.3 (572/1772/114)

N/A

N/A

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, median (IQR)

140 (129–151)

137 (124–150)

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, median (IQR)

78 (71–85)

82 (76–89)

<0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR)

4.2 (3.6–4.8)

5.6 (4.9–6.2)

<0.001

Triglycerides, mmol/L, median (IQR)

1.4 (0.9–2.0)

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

<0.001

HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR)

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

1.4 (1.2–1.6)

<0.001

LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR)

2.3 (1.8–2.8)

3.5 (2.9–4.1)

<0.001

Creatinine, µmol/L, median (IQR)

78 (66–91)

72 (63–81)

<0.001

eGFR < 60 mL/min, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

21.2 (372/1756/130)

5.0 (40/795/59)

<0.001

Cardiovascular disease, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

 Any macrovascular disease

38.0 (660/1738/148)

8.3 (68/824/30)

<0.001

 Ischemic heart disease

28.0 (497/1778/108)

4.9 (41/842/12)

<0.001

 Ischemic brain disease

12.0 (211/1757/129)

1.4 (12/840/14)

<0.001

 Peripheral arterial disease

10.8 (193/1783/103)

2.2 (18/823/31)

<0.001 

Microvascular diabetes complications, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

 Any microvascular disease

34.3 (561/1637/249)

N/A

N/A

 Diabetic retinopathy

17.3 (308/1778/108)

N/A

N/A

 Diabetic nephropathy

23.0 (387/1684/202)

N/A

N/A

Family history, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

 First-degree relative with T2DM

64.4 (1104/1714/172)

33.3 (269/809/45)

<0.001

 First-degree relative with CVD

68.3 (1086/1590/296)

68.7 (519/755/99)

0.87

 Any relative with early-onset CVD

45.0 (780/1732/154)

41.5 (342/825 29)

0.09

Descent

 Caucasian descent, % (n/n-available/n-missing)

91.9 (1613/1755)

96.1 (810/843/11)

<0.001

 Age of death father, year, median (IQR)

73 (65–82)

75 (67–84)

<0.001

 Age of death mother, year, median (IQR)

78 (70–86)

81 (73–89)

<0.001