Fig. 1
From: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diagram explaining the mechanism by which MSCs act on type 2 diabetes. MSCs exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes through differentiation into IPCs, promotion of islet cell regeneration, protection of endogenous islet cells and amelioration of insulin resistance. IPCs insulin-producing cells, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, PDGF platelet-derived growth factor, IRS-1 insulin receptor substrate-1, PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase