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Table 3 Adjusted associations of metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed diabetes with adherence to dietary patterns (n = 9835)

From: Brazilian dietary patterns and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet-relationship with metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed diabetes in the ELSA-Brasil study

 

Metabolic syndrome criteriaa (OR and 95% CI)

P for trendb

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

P1—Vegetables/fruits

 Model 1

1.00

0.87 (0.75, 1.00)

0.87 (0.75, 1.00)

0.96 (0.83, 1.10)

1.04 (0.90, 1.20)

0.229

 Model 2

1.00

0.91 (0.77, 1.06)

0.88 (0.75, 1.03)

0.96 (0.82, 1.13)

1.07 (0.90, 1.28)

0.366

P2—Common Brazilian fast foods/full fat dairy/milk based desserts

 Model 1

1.00

0.85 (0.74, 0.98)

0.86 (0.74, 0.99)

0.89 (0.77, 1.03)

1.08 (0.94, 1.25)

0.225

 Model 2

1.00

0.83 (0.71, 0.97)

0.81 (0.69, 0.95)

0.77 (0.65, 0.91)

0.86 (0.71, 1.04)

0.057

P3—Common Brazilian meal

 Model 1

1.00

1.51 (1.29, 1.75)

1.81 (1.55, 2.11)

2.26 (1.93, 2.65)

2.89 (2.45, 3.42)

<0.001

 Model 2

1.00

1.32 (1.12, 1.56)

1.48 (1.25, 1.76)

1.81 (1.52, 2.15)

2.13 (1.76, 2.58)

<0.001

P4—Diet, light foods and beverages/low fat dairy

 Model 1

1.00

1.31 (1.13, 1.51)

1.59 (1.37, 1.85)

1.78 (1.53, 2.08)

2.02 (1.72, 2.38)

<0.001

 Model 2

1.00

1.24 (1.05, 1.46)

1.40 (1.18, 1.65)

1.44 (1.21, 1.71)

1.47 (1.23, 1.71)

<0.001

DASH diet pattern

 Model 1

1.00

0.90 (0.78, 1.03)

0.88 (0.77, 1.01)

0.75 (0.64, 0.86)

0.72 (0.61, 0.83)

<0.001

 Model 2

1.00

0.94 (0.80, 1.10)

0.96 (0.82, 1.11)

0.81 (0.69, 0.95)

0.88 (0.74, 1.05)

0.044

Newly diagnosed diabetesc

 P1—Vegetables/fruits

  Model 1

1.00

1.01 (0.81, 1.25)

0.95 (0.76, 1.19)

0.99 (0.80, 1.24)

1.19 (0.96, 1.47)

0.132

  Model 2

1.00

1.05 (0.84, 1.32)

1.00 (0.79, 1.26)

1.04 (0.82, 1.31)

1.29 (1.01, 1.65)

0.077

 P2—Common Brazilian fast foods/Full fat dairy/milk based desserts

  Model 1

1.00

0.70 (0.57, 0.85)

0.71 (0.57, 0.87)

0.66 (0.53, 0.82)

0.76 (0.61, 0.94)

0.007

  Model 2

1.00

0.67 (0.54, 0.82)

0.66 (0.53, 0.81)

0.57 (0.45, 0.72)

0.59 (0.46, 0.77)

<0.001

 P3—Common Brazilian meal

  Model 1

1.00

1.54 (1.21, 1.97)

1.58 (1.23, 2.02)

1.92 (1.50, 2.46)

2.53 (1.96, 3.25)

<0.001

  Model 2

1.00

1.41 (1.09, 1.80)

1.42 (1.10, 1.82)

1.64 (1.28, 2.12)

2.04 (1.56, 2.68)

<0.001

 P4—Diet, light foods and beverages/low fat dairy

   Model 1

1.00

1.23 (0.99, 1.52)

1.29 (1.04, 1.61)

1.61 (1.28, 2.01)

1.71 (1.35, 2.18)

<0.001

   Model 2

1.00

1.19 (0.96, 1.48)

1.21 (0.96, 1.52)

1.46 (1.15, 1.84)

1.45 (1.13, 1.88)

0.001

 DASH Diet Pattern

  Model 1

1.00

1.01 (0.82, 1.26)

1.01 (0.82, 1.25)

0.94 (0.75, 1.18)

0.91 (0.72, 1.15)

0.324

  Model 2

1.00

1.04 (0.83, 1.29)

1.07 (0.86, 1.32)

1.01 (0.80, 1.27)

1.07 (0.84, 1.36)

0.702

  1. Model 1 Adjusted through multiple logistic regression for the following variables: age (y), sex, race, education, family income (amount), occupational status, study center, menopausal status and family history of diabetes
  2. Model 2 Model 1 + BMI (kg/m2), physical activity (metabolic equivalent min/week), current and previous smoking status, alcohol (grams of ethanol/day) and calorie intake (kcal/day)
  3. aDefined by the Joint Interim Statement Consensus Criteria, 2009 (see “Methods”)
  4. bPCA components entered as continuous scores
  5. cDefined by fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test or glycated hemoglobin