Control (n = 45) | Fertile metabolic syndrome (n = 38) | Infertile metabolic syndrome (n = 37) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
General parameters | ||||
Age (years) | 39.29 ± 8.52 | 40.01 ± 8.22 | 42.59 ± 7.47 | 0.17 |
BMI | 23.64 ± 2.79 | 34.7 ± 8.1a | 35.82 ± 4.37a | <0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 1.70 ± 0.31 | 4.18 ± 0.90a | 4.31 ± 0.95a | <0.001 |
Seminal parameters | ||||
Volume (ml) | 2.18 ± 0.54 | 2.37 ± 0.67 | 2.29 ± 0.56 | 0.33 |
Sperm concentration (106/ml) | 39.45 ± 14.20 | 37.78 ± 9.91 | 34.73 ± 9.69 | 0.19 |
Progressive motility; A + B (%) | 49.67 ± 14.66 | 43.68 ± 11.24 | 32.05 ± 8.69ab | <0.001 |
Vitality (%) | 68.70 ± 22.04 | 54.73 ± 16.14a | 36.00 ± 8.45ab | <0.001 |
Normal morphology (%) | 23.53 ± 6.78 | 22.44 ± 5.02 | 16.08 ± 4.29ab | <0.001 |
Seminal glucose (mg/dl) | 33.39 ± 7.49 | 36.5 ± 6.68 | 41.73 ± 11.35ab | <0.001 |
Seminal insulin (μIU/L) | 193.72 ± 52.91 | 302.28 ± 70.16a | 477.83 ± 90.60ab | <0.001 |
Molecular parameters | ||||
Insulin/β actin gene expression | 0.94 ± 0.24 | 1.23 ± 0.25a | 1.88 ± 0.63ab | <0.001 |
CIDEA/β actin gene expression | 1.0 ± 0.01 | 1.44 ± 0.07a | 2.47 ± 0.12ab | <0.001 |
DNA fragmentation (%) | 20.78 ± 7.15 | 26.95 ± 9.43a | 35.09 ± 12.50ab | <0.001 |
Tail length (μm) | 0.76 ± 0.17 | 1.86 ± 0.42a | 3.68 ± 0.76ab | <0.001 |
DNA percentage in tail (%) | 6.37 ± 1.39 | 8.61 ± 2.64a | 18.76 ± 3.72ab | <0.001 |
Tail Moment (TM) | 1.11 ± 0.29 | 3.38 ± 0.98a | 5.25 ± 1.25ab | <0.001 |