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Table 1 General, seminal and molecular parameters in the studied subjects

From: Spermatozoal cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like effector A (CIDEA) gene expression and DNA fragmentation in infertile men with metabolic syndrome and normal seminogram

 

Control (n = 45)

Fertile metabolic syndrome (n = 38)

Infertile metabolic syndrome (n = 37)

P

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

General parameters

 Age (years)

39.29 ± 8.52

40.01 ± 8.22

42.59 ± 7.47

0.17

 BMI

23.64 ± 2.79

34.7 ± 8.1a

35.82 ± 4.37a

<0.001

 HOMA-IR

1.70 ± 0.31

4.18 ± 0.90a

4.31 ± 0.95a

<0.001

Seminal parameters

 Volume (ml)

2.18 ± 0.54

2.37 ± 0.67

2.29 ± 0.56

0.33

 Sperm concentration (106/ml)

39.45 ± 14.20

37.78 ± 9.91

34.73 ± 9.69

0.19

 Progressive motility; A + B (%)

49.67 ± 14.66

43.68 ± 11.24

32.05 ± 8.69ab

<0.001

 Vitality (%)

68.70 ± 22.04

54.73 ± 16.14a

36.00 ± 8.45ab

<0.001

 Normal morphology (%)

23.53 ± 6.78

22.44 ± 5.02

16.08 ± 4.29ab

<0.001

 Seminal glucose (mg/dl)

33.39 ± 7.49

36.5 ± 6.68

41.73 ± 11.35ab

<0.001

 Seminal insulin (μIU/L)

193.72 ± 52.91

302.28 ± 70.16a

477.83 ± 90.60ab

<0.001

Molecular parameters

 Insulin/β actin gene expression

0.94 ± 0.24

1.23 ± 0.25a

1.88 ± 0.63ab

<0.001

 CIDEA/β actin gene expression

1.0 ± 0.01

1.44 ± 0.07a

2.47 ± 0.12ab

<0.001

 DNA fragmentation (%)

20.78 ± 7.15

26.95 ± 9.43a

35.09 ± 12.50ab

<0.001

 Tail length (μm)

0.76 ± 0.17

1.86 ± 0.42a

3.68 ± 0.76ab

<0.001

 DNA percentage in tail (%)

6.37 ± 1.39

8.61 ± 2.64a

18.76 ± 3.72ab

<0.001

 Tail Moment (TM)

1.11 ± 0.29

3.38 ± 0.98a

5.25 ± 1.25ab

<0.001

  1. SD standard deviation, P calculated probability
  2. P significant if <0.05
  3. aSignificant relative to control group
  4. bSignificant relative to fertile-metabolic syndrome group