Adipose tissue dysfunction increases fatty liver association with pre diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Association of fat depots and markers of adipose tissue dysfunction with impaired fasting glucose and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abnormalities	Normoglycemic	Impaired fasting glucose	Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Abnormalities	Odd ratio (95% I.C)	Odd ratio (95% I.C)	Odd ratio (95% I.C)
Model 1	Reference values
Fatty liver	1	3.36 (2.43–4.65)	5.68 (3.01–10.69)
Elevated VAT	1	2.79 (1.91–4.05)	2.84 (1.38–5.82)
Adipo-IR	1	3.80 (2.65–5.47)	2.15 (1.54–3.02)
Low adiponectin	1	1.84 (1.22–2.77)	3.29 (1.64–6.58)
Elevated FFA	1	1.37 (0.97–1.94)	1.62 (0.87–3.01)
Model 2
Fatty liver^a	1	2.46 (1.73–3.49)	4.26 (2.18–8.25)
Elevated VAT^b	1	1.37 (0.89–2.11)	1.09 (0.49–2.44)
Adipo-IR	1	2.69 (1.82–3.96)	2.15 (1.06–4.37)
Low adiponectin	1	1.46 (0.96-2.22)	2.54 (1.26–5.12)
Elevated FFA	1	1.29 (0.91-1.85)	1.51 (0.80–2.85)

Model 1 adjusted for age and gender
Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides
VAT visceral abdominal tissue, Adipo-IR adipose tissue insulin resistance, FFA free fatty acids
^aAdditional adjustment for elevated VAT
^bAdditional adjustment for fatty liver

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