|
Variable
|
Overall
|
Hypovitaminosis D
|
p
|
|---|
|
(n = 108)
|
No (n = 41)
|
Yes (n = 67)
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
58.29 ± 10.34
|
58.24 ± 9.99
|
59.19 ± 10.33
|
0.48
|
|
Female gender
|
78 (72.2%)
|
23 (56.1%)
|
55 (82.2%)
|
0.01
|
|
Non-white skin color
|
97 (89.8%)
|
39 (95.1%)
|
58 (86.6%)
|
0.20
|
|
T2DM duration (years)
|
14.34 ± 8.05
|
15.38 ± 8.30
|
14.06 ± 8.30
|
0.59
|
|
BMI
|
28.01 ± 4.64
|
27.17 ± 3.87
|
28.65 ± 4.99
|
0.13
|
|
Obesity a
|
35 (32.4%)
|
8 (19.5%)
|
27 (40.1%)
|
0.02
|
|
Comorbidities
|
Hypertension
|
82 (74.1%)
|
30 (73.2%)
|
52 (77.6%)
|
0.60
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
83 (76.8%)
|
23 (56.1%)
|
60 (89.5%)
|
<0.01
|
|
Insulin use
|
Insulin use
|
78 (72.2%)
|
30 (73.2%)
|
48 (71.6%)
|
0.86
|
|
NPH insulin
|
77 (71.3%)
|
29 (70.7%)
|
48 (71.6%)
|
0.92
|
|
Regular insulin
|
42 (38.9%)
|
18 (43.9%)
|
24 (35.8%)
|
0.40
|
|
Oral antidiabetic agent
|
Sulfonylurea
|
26 (24.1%)
|
10 (24.4%)
|
16 (23.9%)
|
0.95
|
|
Metformin
|
84 (77.8%)
|
34 (82.9%)
|
50 (74.6%)
|
0.31
|
|
α-Glucosidase inhibitor
|
5 (4.6%)
|
1 (2.4%)
|
4 (6.0%)
|
0.40
|
|
Combination treatment
|
Insulin plus OAD
|
57 (52.8%)
|
24 (58.5%)
|
33 (49.2%)
|
0.35
|
|
Insulin plus metformin
|
5 (4.6%)
|
2 (4.9%)
|
3 (4.5%)
|
1.00
|
|
Insulin plus sulfonylurea
|
56 (51.8%)
|
24 (58.5%)
|
32 (47.8%)
|
0.28
|
|
Metformin plus sulfonylurea
|
23 (21.3%)
|
9 (21.9%)
|
14 (20.9%)
|
0.90
|
|
Lipid lowering agents
|
Statins
|
69 (63.9%)
|
20 (48.8%)
|
49 (73.1%)
|
0.01
|
|
Fibrates
|
4 (3.8%)
|
1 (2.4%)
|
3 (4.5%)
|
1.00
|
|
Antihypertensive agents
|
86 (79.6%)
|
33 (80.5%)
|
53 (79.1%)
|
0.86
|
- Italic values indicate statistically significant p-value
-
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, OAD oral antidiabetic agent
-
aBMI ≥30 kg/m2
