Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 108 T2DM patients followed at an outpatient Endocrinology Clinic in Brazil
Variable | Overall | Hypovitaminosis D | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 108) | No (n = 41) | Yes (n = 67) | |||
Age (years) | 58.29 ± 10.34 | 58.24 ± 9.99 | 59.19 ± 10.33 | 0.48 | |
Female gender | 78 (72.2%) | 23 (56.1%) | 55 (82.2%) | 0.01 | |
Non-white skin color | 97 (89.8%) | 39 (95.1%) | 58 (86.6%) | 0.20 | |
T2DM duration (years) | 14.34 ± 8.05 | 15.38 ± 8.30 | 14.06 ± 8.30 | 0.59 | |
BMI | 28.01 ± 4.64 | 27.17 ± 3.87 | 28.65 ± 4.99 | 0.13 | |
Obesity a | 35 (32.4%) | 8 (19.5%) | 27 (40.1%) | 0.02 | |
Comorbidities | Hypertension | 82 (74.1%) | 30 (73.2%) | 52 (77.6%) | 0.60 |
Dyslipidemia | 83 (76.8%) | 23 (56.1%) | 60 (89.5%) | <0.01 | |
Insulin use | Insulin use | 78 (72.2%) | 30 (73.2%) | 48 (71.6%) | 0.86 |
NPH insulin | 77 (71.3%) | 29 (70.7%) | 48 (71.6%) | 0.92 | |
Regular insulin | 42 (38.9%) | 18 (43.9%) | 24 (35.8%) | 0.40 | |
Oral antidiabetic agent | Sulfonylurea | 26 (24.1%) | 10 (24.4%) | 16 (23.9%) | 0.95 |
Metformin | 84 (77.8%) | 34 (82.9%) | 50 (74.6%) | 0.31 | |
α-Glucosidase inhibitor | 5 (4.6%) | 1 (2.4%) | 4 (6.0%) | 0.40 | |
Combination treatment | Insulin plus OAD | 57 (52.8%) | 24 (58.5%) | 33 (49.2%) | 0.35 |
Insulin plus metformin | 5 (4.6%) | 2 (4.9%) | 3 (4.5%) | 1.00 | |
Insulin plus sulfonylurea | 56 (51.8%) | 24 (58.5%) | 32 (47.8%) | 0.28 | |
Metformin plus sulfonylurea | 23 (21.3%) | 9 (21.9%) | 14 (20.9%) | 0.90 | |
Lipid lowering agents | Statins | 69 (63.9%) | 20 (48.8%) | 49 (73.1%) | 0.01 |
Fibrates | 4 (3.8%) | 1 (2.4%) | 3 (4.5%) | 1.00 | |
Antihypertensive agents | 86 (79.6%) | 33 (80.5%) | 53 (79.1%) | 0.86 | |