Table 4 Baseline characteristics among status-change categories defined by Japanese criteria of MetS

n

644

116

33

34

Mean age (years)

58.2 ± 8.9

60.9 ± 7.1*

62.2 ± 7.4*

61.2 ± 10.3

0.001^a

Men (%)

34.9

53.5^#

93.9^#

85.3^#

<0.001^b

Family history of type 2 diabetes (%)

6.2

6.9

3.0

17.6

0.087^b

Body mass index (kg/m²)

22.9 ± 2.7

25.1 ± 2.8*

25.0 ± 1.9*

27.2 ± 3.3*

<0.001^a

Waist circumference (cm)

76.1 ± 8.3

84.2 ± 7.4*

89.9 ± 4.3*

94.2 ± 6.5*

<0.001^a

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

130.9 ± 18.2

137.1 ± 17.6*

144.9 ± 15.5*

146.3 ± 16.9*

<0.001^a

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77.0 ± 9.5

79.8 ± 8.5*

82.5 ± 7.4*

86.0 ± 8.5*

<0.001^a

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

191.7 ± 31.4

200.3 ± 34.3*

192.7 ± 27.8

194.0 ± 31.0

0.064^a

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

98.5 (42–635)

129.5 (51–1109)

186 (47–506)

181.5 (62–1127)

<0.001^c

HDL-C (mg/dl)

57.8 ± 13.3

51.4 ± 13.0*

46.0 ± 10.9*

43.6 ± 11.4*

<0.001^a

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

92.5 ± 9.0

96.0 ± 9.2*

100.2 ± 10.5*

103.0 ± 11.0*

<0.001^a

Smoking never smoker (%)

71.9

53.5

39.4

35.3

<0.001^b

Ex-smoker (%)

7.0

14.7

24.2

26.5

Current smoker (%)

21.1

31.9

36.4

38.2

Abdominal obesity (Japanese criteria) (%)

10.3

34.5^#

100.0^#

100.0^#

<0.001^b

High blood pressure (%)

52.3

67.2^#

93.9^#

97.1^#

<0.001^b

High fasting plasma glucose (%)

4.0

7.8^#

30.3^#

38.2^#

<0.001^b

High triglycerides (%)

15.2

32.8^#

81.8^#

70.6^#

<0.001^b

Low HDL-C (%)

7.8

17.2^#

30.3^#

44.1^#

<0.001^b