Table 3 Baseline characteristics among status-change categories defined by international criteria of metabolic syndrome

n

487

179

46

115

Mean age (years)

57.8 ± 9.1

59.8 ± 7.8*

60.8 ± 7.5

62.8 ± 7.8*

<0.001^a

Men (%)

44.8

28.4^#

65.2^#

46.5

<0.001^b

Family history of type 2 diabetes (%)

5.5

6.3

2.2

16.3^#

0.005^b

Body mass index (kg/m²)

22.5 ± 2.5

24.3 ± 2.7*

25.7 ± 2.1*

27.1 ± 2.4*

<0.001^a

Waist circumference (cm)

75.7 ± 8.3

79.8 ± 8.5*

91.7 ± 5.2*

89.7 ± 7.5*

<0.001^a

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

128.8 ± 17.4

135.4 ± 17.5*

145.2 ± 16.3*

150.4 ± 16.1*

<0.001^a

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76.3 ± 9.1

79.3 ± 9.3*

85.7 ± 9.3*

83.3 ± 9.0*

<0.001^a

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

189.9 ± 30.7

196.6 ± 32.6*

194.8 ± 32.9

203.6 ± 33.1*

0.001^a

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

93 (42–635)

125 (45–554)

141 (52–506)

157 (47–1127)

<0.001^§

HDL-C (mg/dl)

59.3 ± 13.2

51.5 ± 13.4*

50.6 ± 10.2*

46.7 ± 10.7*

<0.001^a

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

91.7 ± 8.9

95.1 ± 8.8*

100.6 ± 8.8*

101.6 ± 10.5*

<0.001^a

Smoking never smoker (%)

65.3

73.6

50.0

65.1

0.001^b

Ex-smoker (%)

8.6

5.8

21.7

17.4

Current smoker (%)

26.1

20.7

28.3

17.4

Abdominal obesity (Asian criteria) (%)

12.3

27.4^#

60.9^#

87.2^#

<0.001^b

High blood pressure (%)

45.4

64.9^#

91.3^#

94.2^#

<0.001^b

High fasting plasma glucose (%)

13.3

23.1^#

65.2^#

53.5^#

<0.001^b

High triglycerides (%)

10.7

25.5^#

65.2^#

60.5^#

<0.001^b

Low HDL-C (%)

10.5

30.3^#

47.8^#

54.7^#

<0.001^b