Table 2 Glycemic and pregnancy outcomes
Outcome variable | SMBG group | CGMS group | P value | Odd ratio | 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glycemic outcomes | |||||
Fasting glucose | 4.99 ± 1.01 | 4.71 ± 0.68 | 0.092 | – | −0.272 to 0.3700 |
Postprandial glucose | 6.27 ± 1.36 | 5.72 ± 1.59 | 0.057 | – | −0.0169 to 1.099 |
HbA1c at the end of the pregnancy—mmol/mol (%) | 43 ± 5 (6.1 ± 0.4) | 39 ± 8 (5.70 ± 0.7) | 0.168 | – | −0.1955 to 1.0098 |
Number of women needed insulin (%) | 18 (11.16) | 19 (11.4) | 0.896 | 1.056 | 0.467 to 2.384 |
Total daily insulin dose (units) | 29.83 ± 43.83 | 20.67 ± 18.03 | 0.410 | – | −13.103 to 31.436 |
Maternal outcomes | |||||
Polyhydramnios | 0 | 0 | |||
GA at delivery (week) | 38.17 ± 1.63 | 38.35 ± 2.026 | 0.627 | – | −0.898 to 0.544 |
Preterm delivery | 9.5 | 16.3 | 0.373 | 1.854 | 0.516 to 6.659 |
PROM | 3.9 | 8.3 | 0.427 | 2.227 | 0.389 to 12.760 |
Induction of labour | 13.0 | 14.6 | 1.000 | 1.146 | 0.371 to 3.543 |
SC delivery | 49.1 | 55.1 | 0.562 | 1.273 | 0.588 to 2.755 |
Lacerations | 2.4 | 6.4 | 0.620 | 2.727 | 0.273 to 27.293 |
Shoulder dystocia | 0 | 0 | |||
ICU admission | 9.8 | 4.3 | 0.415 | 0.420 | 0.073 to 2.426 |
Neonatal outcomes | |||||
Abortion | 0 | 2.0 | 1.000 | 0.527 | 0.434 to 0.641 |
Stillbirth | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.457 | 0.452 | 0.366 to 0.558 |
Neonatal death | 1.6 | 3.4 | 0.613 | 2.14 | 0.149 to 20.76 |
Foetal injury | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | – | – |
Apgar score <7 at 5 min | 16.7 | 10.0 | 0.503 | 0.556 | 0.143 to 2.153 |
Birth weight (g) | 3056 ± 564 | 2870 ± 610 | 0.130 | – | −0.055 to 0.428 |
Macrosomia | 2.4 | 0 | 0.488 | 0.482 | 0.387 to 0.601 |
Low birth weight | 9.5 | 22.2 | 0.147 | 2.714 | 0.780 to 9.447 |
Hypoglycaemia | 12.8 | 16.7 | 0.758 | 1.360 | 0.393 to 4.704 |
Hyperbilirubinemia | 10.3 | 14.6 | 0.738 | 1.500 | 0.389 to 5.781 |
Congenital malformation | 10.3 | 4.8 | 0.421 | 0.075 | 2.535 to 2.886 |
RDS | 10.6 | 7.1 | 0.717 | 0.646 | 0.145 to 2.885 |
NICU admission | 30.0 | 34.8 | 0.653 | 1.244 | 0.502 to 3.087 |