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Table 1 Dietary plan macronutrient composition for DKD in the non-dialysis stage.

From: Interactions between kidney disease and diabetes: dangerous liaisons

Macronutrients

Recommended intake/day

Total carbohydrates

45–60 % of TEI (total energy intake)

Saccharose

Up to 10 %

Fructose

Not recommended its addition to food

Dietary fibers

Minimum of 20 g/day or 14 g/1000 kcal

Total fat

Up to 30 % of TEI

Saturated fatty acids (SFA)

<7 % of TEI

Trans fatty acids (TFA)

≤2 g

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)

Up to 10 % of TEI

Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)

Supplemented individually

Cholesterol

<200 mg/day

Proteins

0.8–1.0 g/kg/day in the early stages of disease and <0.8 g/kg/day in the final phases