Table 1 Health literacy specific characteristics among men (N = 781)
Mean (±SD) or N (%) | P a | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Low health literacy (≤13) (N = 350) | High health literacy (≥14) (N = 431) | ||
Age (years) | 51.2 (9.9) | 51.0 (9.9) | |
Anthropometric measurements | |||
Height (cm) | 170.0 (6.5) | 170.2 (6.4) | |
Body weight (kg) | 68.6 (12.1) | 68.8 (11.1) | |
Body mass index (BMI) | 23.7 (3.8) | 23.7 (3.4) | |
Waist circumference (cm) | 85.0 (9.5) | 84.6 (8.8) | |
Atherosclerotic complications | |||
Cardiovascular disease | 13 (3.7) | 18 (4.2) | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 3 (0.9) | 8 (1.9) | |
Hypertension-related factors | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133.5 (19.4) | 135.0 (17.7) | |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.1 (12.4) | 81.7 (12.1) | |
Antihypertensive drug use (yes) | 72 (20.6) | 102 (23.7) | |
Lipid-related items | |||
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 57.1 (15.2) | 58.9 (15.5) | |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 130.1 (32.7) | 128.2 (33.0) | |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 168.1 (132.5) | 149.4 (106.4) | * |
Antidyslipidemic drug use (yes) | 29 (8.3) | 41 (9.5) | |
Diabetes-related items | |||
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 105.1 (27.1) | 101.3 (18.4) | * |
Antidiabetic drug use (yes) | 12 (3.4) | 17 (3.9) | |
Metabolic syndrome (yes) | 80 (24.0) | 75 (18.3) | b |
Waist circumference (≥90 cm) | 107 (32.0) | 107 (26.2) | b |
Raised triglyceride (≥150 mg/dL) | 132 (37.7) | 149 (34.6) | |
Reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (≤40 mg/dL) | 25 (7.1) | 26 (6.0) | |
Raised blood pressure (systolic ≥130 mmHg or diastolic ≥85 mmHg) | 228 (65.3) | 301 (69.8) | |
Raised fasting plasma glucose (≥110 mg/dL) | 83 (23.7) | 78 (18.1) | b |
Healthy lifestyle characteristics | |||
Alcohol consumption (non-everyday drinker) | 161 (46.0) | 223 (51.7) | |
Smoking behavior (non-current smoker) | 174 (49.7) | 262 (60.8) | ** |
Exercise frequency (2 times or more per week) | 48 (13.7) | 96 (22.3) | ** |
Body mass index (18.5–24.9) | 216 (61.7) | 293 (68.0) | * |
Sleep hours (6–9) | 220 (62.9) | 290 (67.3) | |
Breakfast (every morning) | 277 (79.1) | 355 (82.4) | |
Snack between meals (no) | 287 (82.0) | 371 (86.1) | |
Total number of healthy lifestyle items | 4.0 (1.2) | 4.4 (1.2) | ** |
Proportion of participants with 6 or 7 total number of healthy lifestyle items | 34 (9.7) | 76 (17.6) | ** |
Health literacy | |||
Seeking information from various sources | 3.3 (1.0) | 4.1 (0.6) | ** |
Extracting relevant information | 3.0 (0.9) | 4.0 (0.5) | ** |
Understanding and communicating the information | 2.7 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.5) | ** |
Considering the credibility of the information | 2.7 (0.7) | 3.8 (0.5) | ** |
Making decisions based on the information | 2.8 (0.8) | 3.7 (0.6) | ** |
Total scale score | 11.1 (2.1) | 15.5 (1.3) | ** |