Table 6 Comparison of socio-demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters in pregnant women with and without metabolic syndrome according to four definitions

Mean age (year)

26.2 ± 6.8

24.0 ± 6.6

0.0002

25.6 ± 6.8

24.1 ± 6.7

0.0070

Level of education

 Never studied [n (%)]

21 (10.6)

33 (6.9)

0.1391

24 (9.7)

30 (7.0)

0.2706

 Middle

157 (79.7)

415 (86.8)

0.0162

203 (82.2)

369 (86.2)

0.1967

 Higher education

19 (9.6)

30 (6.3)

0.1706

20 (8.1)

29 (11.7)

0.6288

Place of residence

 Urban [n (%)]

50 (25.4)

99 (20.7)

0.2196

61 (24.7)

88 (20.6)

0.2495

 Village [n (%)]

147 (74.6)

379 (79.3)

0.2196

186 (75.3)

340 (79.4)

0.2495

Current smoker (%)

0 (0.0)

1

1.0

0 (0)

1 (0.2)

1.0

Mean body mass index

–

–

–

–

–

–

Mean waist circumference

97.4 ± 8.5

92.0 ± 9.1

<0.0001

95.6 ± 9.0

92.4 ± 9.3

<0.0001

Known diabetes mellitus (%)

00

00

–

00

00

–

Use of hypotensive drugs (%)

22 (11.1)

22 (4.6)

0.0029

23 (9.3)

21 (4.9)

0.0383

Fasting glycemia (mg/dl)

90.5 ± 29.1

80.9 ± 19.2

<0.0001

91.8 ± 27.4

79.1 ± 18.4

<0.0001

Hipertension

179 (90.9)

191 (39.9)

<0.0001

216 (87.4)

154 (36.0)

<0.0001

Systolic blood pressore

140.8 ± 18.5

124.4 ± 18.0

<0.0001

138.5 ± 18.7

123.8 ± 18.1

<0.0001

Diastolic blood presssure

90.7 ± 14.1

80.4 ± 13.6

<0.0001

89.3 ± 14.3

80.1 ± 13.6

<0.0001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl) [\( \overline{x} \pm {\text{s}} \)]

197.0 ± 42.9

191.4 ± 35.6

0.0810

196.2 ± 43.6

191.4 ± 33.9

0.1364

LDL-C (mg/dl) [\( \overline{x} \pm {\text{s}} \)]

122.0 ± 37.8

114.8 ± 32.8

0.020

120.2 ± 38.2

114.9 ± 31.9

0.0655

HDL-C(mg/dl) [\( \overline{x} \pm {\text{s}} \)]

64.5 ± 19.0

73.5 ± 17.7

<0.0001

65.8 ± 19.1

73.8 ± 17.5

<0.0001

Tryglicerides (mg/dl) [\( \overline{x} \pm {\text{s}} \)]

182.0 ± 60.2

135.0 ± 47.7

<0.0001

179.7 ± 59.5

131.7 ± 45.1

<0.0001

Mean age (years)

28.7 ± 2

24.6 ± 6.7

0.0377

25.3 ± 6.9

24.6 ± 6.7

0.3217

Level of education

 Never studied [n (%)]

1 (8.3)

53 (7.9)

1.0

12 (14.1)

42 (7.1)

0.0444

 Middle

09 (75)

563 (84.9)

0.588

66 (77.6)

506 (85.8)

0.0744

 Higher education

02 (16.7)

47 (7.1)

0.4802

07(8.2)

42 (7.1)

0.8828

Place of residence

 Urban [n (%)]

04 (33.3)

145 (21.9)

0.55

28 (33.0)

121 (20.5)

0.0145

 Village [n (%)]

08 (66.7)

518 (78.1)

0.55

57 (67.0)

469 (79.5)

0.0145

Current smoker (%)

1.0

00

1.0

0

1

1.0

Mean body mass index

31.7 ± 4.1

24.2 ± 4.0

<0.0001

27.6 ± 5.0

23.9 ± 3.8

<0.0001

Mean waist circumference

–

–

–

–

–

–

Known diabetes mellitus (%)

00

00

–

00

00

–

Use of hypotensive drugs (%)

3 (25.0)

41 (6.2)

0.0426

11 (12.9)

33 (5.8)

0.0216

Fasting Glycemia (mg/dl)

126.7 ± 46.4

83.0 ± 21.6

0.0076

96.7 ± 34.1

81.9 ± 20.2

0.0002

Hipertension

12(100)

358 (54)

0.0039

79 ± 92.9

291 ± 49.3

<0.0001

Systolic Blood pressore

148.4 ± 20.6

128.8 ± 19.4

0.0006

140.4 ± 17.8

127.6 ± 19.3

<0.0001

Diastolic Blood presssure

96.3 ± 12.4

83.2 ± 14.5

0.00019

90.5 ± 15.6

82.4 ± 14.1

<0.0001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl) [\( \overline{x} \pm {\text{s}} \)]

174.5 ± 38.1

193.5 ± 37.7

0.043

115.1 ± 36.5

117.1 ± 34.2

0.6155

LDL-C (mg/dl) [\( \overline{x} \pm {\text{s}} \)]

107.0 ± 34.9

117.0 ± 34.4

0.316

187.8 ± 40.4

193.9 ± 37.4

0.1632

HDL-C (mg/dl) [\( \overline{x} \pm {\text{s}} \)]

58.0 ± 17.7

71.1 ± 18.5

0.0152

60.0 ± 21.3

72.4 ± 55.3

<0.0001

Tryglicérides (mg/dl) [\( \overline{x} \pm {\text{s}} \)]

126.7 ± 46.4

83.0 ± 21.6

0.0076

96.7 ± 34.1

81.9 ± 20.2

<0.0001