Associations between fish consumption and metabolic syndrome. A large cross-sectional study from the Norwegian Tromsø Study: Tromsø 4

Table 1 Characteristics of participants by consumption of fish, in total sample and by gender, mean (SD)

	Fish consumption		P^a
	<1/week	≥1/week	P^a
Age (years)
Total	38.0 (9.66)	45.6 (11.59)	<0.0001
Women	38.3 (9.93)	45.0 (11.69)	<0.0001
Men	37.7 (9.37)	46.3 (11.44)	<0.0001
Waist circumference (cm)
Total	88.6 (12.06)	89.7 (11.27)	0.06
Women	83.4 (11.17)	84.0 (10.72)	0.5
Men	94.2 (10.40)	95.0 (9.00)	0.3
Triglycerides (mmol/l)^c
Total	1.52 (1.05)	1.51 (1.03)	0.7
Women	1.22 (0.77)	1.28 (0.82)	0.006
Men	1.83 (1.20)	1.77 (1.18)	0.04
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)^{b, c}
Total	1.45 (0.38)	1.51 (0.41)	<0.0001
Women	1.60 (0.38)	1.65 (0.40)	<0.0001
Men	1.28 (0.31)	1.35 (0.35)	<0.0001
Systolic blood pressure (mm hg)
Total	132.1 (15.8)	135.6 (18.3)	<0.0001
Women	127.3 (15.90)	131.8 (18.78)	<0.0001
Men	137.2 (14.06)	139.8 (16.75)	<0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (mm hg)
Total	77.2 (11.7)	79.8 (12.8)	<0.0001
Women	75.0 (11.53)	77.5 (12.78)	<0.0001
Men	79.5 (11.46)	82.3 (12.41)	<0.0001
Glucose (mmol/L)^c
Total	4.76 (1.18)	4.87 (1.24)	0.05
Women	4.80 (1.30)	4.81 (1.11)	0.9
Men	4.69 (0.97)	4.95 (1.38)	0.01
Energy intake (MJ/day)
Total	7.51 (2.16)	8.07 (2.21)	<0.0001
Women	6.41 (1.59)	6.85 (1.61)	<0.0001
Men	8.66 (2.08)	9.39 (2.00)	<0.0001

Consumption of fish: less than once a week/once a week or more. Numbers of participants vary because of missing information variables
The Tromsø Study: Tromsø 4
^a P value by one-way analysis of variance
^b HDL-cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
^c Plasma glucose are non-fasting

ISSN: 1758-5996