Table 2 Prevalence (%) and means of clinical characteristics in patients with and without previous ulcer
Variable | Previous ulceration | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | ||
Age (years) | 58.4 | 57.5 | 0.26 |
Sex (female/male) | 41.7/58.3 | 64.4/35.6 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 | 29.3 | 0.88 |
Ethnicity | 0.008 | ||
White | 61.2 | 51.2 | |
Black | 14.4 | 20.1 | |
Mixed | 20 | 20.9 | |
Asian | 4.4 | 7.8 | |
Type of diabetes (1/2) | 9.9/90.1 | 9.4/90.6 | 0.77 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 17.2 | 13.2 | <0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 9.23 | 8.35 | <0.001 |
Smoking (yes) | 25.8 | 22.7 | 0.25 |
Hypertension (yes) | 80.3 | 82 | 0.49 |
Cardiopathy (yes) | 39.5 | 24.4 | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia (yes) | 71.2 | 73.5 | 0.45 |
Nephropathy (ClCr < 60 ml/min) | 29.6 | 18.8 | <0.001 |
Retinopathy (yes) | 69.8 | 38 | <0.001 |
Visual impairment (yes) | 63.3 | 46.1 | <0.001 |
Foot at risk classification | <0.001 | ||
Foot without risk | 7.9 | 48.6 | |
Neuropathic | 52.3 | 27.2 | |
Ischemic | 4.8 | 9.9 | |
Neuroischemic | 35 | 14.3 | |
Score of symptoms | 0.44 | ||
Normal/mild | 47.3 | 49.9 | |
Moderate/severe | 52.7 | 50.1 | |
Disability score | <0.001 | ||
Normal/mild | 53.1 | 80.5 | |
Moderate/severe | 46.9 | 19.5 | |
Treatment of neuropathy (yes) | 17.3 | 11.9 | 0.015 |
Region | 0.001 | ||
South/Southeast | 65.1 | 54.6 | |
Northeast/Midwest | 34.9 | 45.4 | |