Table 1 Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of study participants
Variable | Mean (SD)/% |
|---|---|
Age | 57.7 (14.2) |
Sex (female/male) | 58.6/41.4 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 (6.2) |
Ethnicity | |
White | 53.8 |
Black | 18.4 |
Mixed | 20.8 |
Asian | 7.0 |
Type of diabetes (1/2) | 9.3/90.7 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 14.2 (9.8) |
HbA1c (%) | 8.56 (2.03) |
Smoking | 24.2 |
Hypertension | 81.5 |
Cardiopathy | 28.5 |
Dyslipidemia | 72.9 |
Nephropathy | |
Stage 1 | 52.1 |
Stage 2 | 25.4 |
Stage 3 | 15.8 |
Stage 4 | 1.9 |
Stage 5 | 4 |
Retinopathy | 46.2 |
Visual impairment | 50.3 |
Previous ulcer | 25.3 |
Active ulcer | 18.6 |
Amputation | 13.7 |
Minor | 82.7 |
Major | 17.3 |
Foot at risk classification | |
Foot without risk | 37.8 |
Neuropathic | 33.7 |
Ischemic | 8.5 |
Neuroischemic | 20 |
Vibratory sensation | |
Normal | 55.7 |
Diminished | 29.9 |
Absent | 14.5 |
Score of symptoms | |
Normal | 20.4 |
Mild | 29.6 |
Moderate | 28.1 |
Severe | 22 |
Treatment of neuropathy (yes) | 14.1 |
Region | |
South | 18.9 |
Southeast | 38.9 |
Midwest | 3.4 |
Northeast | 38.8 |