Table 1 Differences between groups and gender demonstrated by means and standard deviation (SD)

Disease duration, years

5.32 ± 3.62

7.54 ± 3.78*

6.31 ± 4.26

6.00 ± 3.38

Age, years

12.78 ± 1.16

13.27 ± 1.20

13.20 ± 1.36

12.74 ± 0.99

Body weight, kg

46.40 ± 9.04

52.38 ± 6.90*

48.35 ± 8.09

48.80 ± 9.50

Height, cm

1.56 ± 0.06

1.59 ± 0.07

1.59 ± 0.07

1.55 ± 0.06

Body mass index, kg/m²

19.09 ± 3.10

20.58 ± 2.48

19.07 ± 2.30

20.20 ± 3.45

Z score body weight^a

−0.57 (−4.72 to 1.62)

0.05 (−1.63 to 1.33)*

−0.11 (−4.72 to 1.62)

−0.50 (−2.15 to 1.34)

Z score height^a

−0.73 (−1.89 to 1.68)

−0.21 (−2.21 to 1.18)

−0.68 (−1.75 to 1.18)

−0.40 (−2.21 to 1.68)

Z score body mass index^a

−0.03 (−4.72 to 1.58)

0.23 (−0.95 to 1.17)

0.04 (−1.69 to 1.41)

0.15 (−4.72 to 1.58)

SBP, mmHg

107.86 ± 7.32

122.59 ± 6.88*

112.34 ± 11.83

114.12 ± 8.22

DBP, mmHg

66.39 ± 5.49

77.04 ± 10.59*

68.93 ± 9.83

71.58 ± 8.64

HR, bpm

86.83 ± 15.001

92.27 ± 18.12

83.92 ± 15.22

95.53 ± 16.17

Glycaemia, mg/dl

215.47 ± 90.91

204.00 ± 113.03

212.15 ± 82.62

211.21 ± 117.94

HbA₁,  %

9.74 ± 1.98

11.58 ± 3.08*

10.17 ± 2.46

10.60 ± 2.67

HDL, mg/dl

54.47 ± 8.45

51.14 ± 12.22

52.80 ± 8.48

53.75 ± 12.00

LDL, mg/dl

102.22 ± 25.78

102.50 ± 38.72

103.39 ± 30.86

100.93 ± 31.63

Triglycerides, mg/dl

89.44 ± 40.29

92.53 ± 44.39

81.91 ± 38.10

101.00 ± 43.57

Total cholesterol, mg/dl

169.78 ± 39.06

177.00 ± 38.67

170.52 ± 44.92

174.35 ± 30.87