Table 1 Participant characteristics
Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
Patients (n) | 20 |
Male/female | 20/0 |
Age (years) | 66 ± 1 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31 ± 1 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 13 ± 2 |
Microalbuminuria (20–200 µg/min) | 7/20 |
Mean (µg/min) | 36 ± 18 |
Macroalbuminuria (>200 µg/min) | 5/20 |
Mean (µg/min) | 368 ± 63 |
Diabetic retinopathy | 16/20 |
None | 4 |
Mild non-proliferative | 7 |
Moderate non-proliferative | 7 |
Severe non-proliferative | 2 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 65 ± 4 |
Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.1 ± 0.3 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.4 ± 0.2 |
Triacylglycerol (mmol/l) | 1.4 ± 0.1 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 64 ± 7 |
NYHA functional class (%) | |
III | 55 |
IV | 45 |
LV ejection fraction (%) | 26 ± 2 |
Risk factors for heart failure (%) | |
CAD | 60 |
Hypertension | 80 |
DCM | 10 |
Smoking (%) | |
Former smoker | 60 |
Current smoker | 40 |
AF (%) | 55 |
Concomitant medication (%) | |
ACEi/A-II receptor antagonists | 100 |
Beta-blocker | 95 |
Loop diuretic | 100 |
Spironolactone | 40 |
ASA/clopidogrel | 55 |
Warfarin | 55 |
Diabetes treatment (%) | |
Insulin | 60 |
Metformin | 25 |
Sulphonylurea | 5 |
Combination therapy | 5 |
Diet only | 15 |