Skip to main content

Table 1 Studies characteristics regarding PGRN and renal function

From: The role of progranulin in diabetes and kidney disease

Characteristic/reference

Xu et al. [75]

Richter et al. [74]

Schlatzer et al. [76]

Patients

84 patients with T2DM and 12 health persons

532 patients with stages 1–5 of CKD

74 patients with T1DM

PGRN material

Serum

Serum

Urine

Design

Cross-sectional study

Cross-sectional study

Longitudinal study

Baseline: urine collection, PGRN dosage

3 and 6-year visit: assessment of MA and ERFD

Results regarding PGRN

PGRN serum levels are increased in T2DM patients with macroalbuminuria

Positive correlation between serum PGRN and urinary albumin excretion rate

Negative correlation between PGRN and eGFR

PGRN serum levels are different between groups of CKD stages

↑ PGRN levels at stage 5 of CKD

CKD stage or eGFR are independently associated with PGRN serum levels

Lowest PGRN levels in patients who maintained normal renal function and normoalbuminuria (n = 35)

Nonsignificant increase in patients with either ERFD (n = 15) or MA (n = 16)

Significant increase in patients with both ERFD and MA (n = 8)

Urinary PGRN was significantly predictive of ERFD and MA in patients with T1DM

Conclusion

PGRN might be considered as a marker for diabetic microangiopathy and its severity

Renal function assessed as eGFR is a strong, independent predictor of serum PGRN

PGRN serum levels significantly increase with deteriorating renal function assessed as CKD stage

A panel of 4 proteins (PGRN, Tamms-Horsfall glycoprotein, clusterin and human α-1 acid glycoprotein) could be used to predict early signs of DKD

  1. CKD chronic kidney disease, T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus, PGRN progranulin, ERFD early renal function decline, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, MA micro- or macroalbuminuria, DKD diabetic kidney disease