Skip to main content

Table 1 Diabetic retinopathy classification

From: Comparison between binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and digital retinography for diabetic retinopathy screening: the multicenter Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study

Severity level

Ophthalmoscopy changes

Retinography changes

Outcome

Absent

No alterations

No alterations

Observationa

Mild non-proliferative

Microaneurysms only

At least one hemorrhage or microaneurysm

Observationa

Moderate non-proliferative

More than “microaneurysms only” and less than “Severe non- proliferative”

Four or more hemorrhages in only one hemi-field (superior and inferior hemi-fields separated by the line passing through the center of the macula and the optic disc)

Referral

Severe non-proliferative

Any of the following: retinal hemorrhages in each of the four quadrants; venous beading in 2 quadrants; intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) in one quadrant AND absence of proliferative signs

Any of the following:

Four or more hemorrhages in the superior AND inferior hemi-fields

Venous beading

IRMA

Referral

Proliferative

One or more of the following: neovascularization, vitreous or pre-retinal hemorrhage

Any of the following:

Active neovessels

Vitreous hemorrhage

Referral

  1. aExcept in cases of apparently present macular edema (see Table 2), in which the outcome was referral