Circulating adipokines and insulin resistance in subjects with combined cardiac and metabolic syndrome X

Table 1 Baseline demographic data of subjects with and without cardiac or metabolic syndrome X

	CSX (−) MetX (−) (N = 39)	CSX (+) MetX (−) (N = 35)	CSX (−) MetX (+) (N = 15)	CSX (+) MetX (+) (N = 24)	p ^a	p ^b
Gender (M/F)	25/14	25/10	8/7	14/10	0.593
Age (years)	59 (49, 68)	56 (50, 65)	54 (46, 61)	55 (50, 66)	0.638	0.655
Hypertension (N) (%)	8 (20.5 %)	15 (42.9 %)	9 (60 %)	22 (91.7 %)	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.8 (22.4, 26.0)	25.2 (23.9, 27.6)	28.6 (25.5, 31.5)	27.7 (24.6, 30.8)	<0.001	<0.001
Current smoking (N) (%)	2 (5.1 %)	6 (17.1 %)	4 (26.7 %)	9 (37.5 %)	0.012
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	151 (134, 170)	164 (146, 193)	166 (135, 196)	185 (159, 211)	0.004	<0.001
Calculated LDL-C (mg/dL)	83 (74, 104)	96 (83, 120)	93 (67, 106)	97 (76, 134)	0.105	0.057
HDL-C (mg/dL)	48 (41, 60)	51 (46, 56)	42 (36, 44)	43 (38, 48)	<0.001	0.015
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	86 (51, 115)	83 (64, 113)	156 (116, 192)	203 (145, 240)	<0.001	<0.001
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	94 (88, 112)	95 (89, 113)	110 (102, 126)	106 (93, 128)	0.012	0.015
Fasting serum insulin (µIU/mL)	4.5 (2.9, 9.9)	8.4 (4.9, 10.6)	9.2 (5.9, 16.7)	9.4 (5.1, 19.9)	0.022	0.012
Hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.127 (0.057, 0.344)	0.079 (0.036, 0.297)	0.220 (0.152, 0.530)	0.138 (0.082, 0.318)	0.180	0.661
Medication use
Use of statin (N) (%)	3 (7.7 %)	2 (5.7 %)	0	3 (12.5 %)	0.506
Use of ACEI or ARB (N) (%)	12 (30.8 %)	7 (20 %)	3 (20 %)	10 (41.7 %)	0.270

Data are expressed as median (interquartile range, 25th percentile to 75th percentile) because of a non-normal distribution
ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, CSX cardiac syndrome X, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MetX metabolic syndrome X, Statin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
^ap value for Kruskal–Wallis test among the four groups
^bp value Mann–Whitney U test for CSX (+) and MetX (+) vs. CSX (−) and MetX (−)
Mann–Whitney U test, Bonferroni corrected p cut-off value for significance <0.0083

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