Five-year change of clinical and complications profile of diabetic patients under primary care: a population-based longitudinal study on 127,977 diabetic patients

Table 2 Change in levels of clinical variables among 127,977 diabetic subjects between 2009 and 2013

	2009	2013	Paired difference	P-value
Clinical parameters (mean ± SD)
BMI, kg/m²	25.6 ± 3.9	25.3 ± 3.9	−0.3 ± 1.8 (n = 71,224)	<0.001*
Waist–hip ratio	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.1	0.01 ± 0.2 (n = 47,714)	<0.001*
HbA1c, %	7.2 ± 1.2	7.0 ± 1.1	−0.2 ± 1.3 (n = 113,066)	<0.001*
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	136.9 ± 16.9	131.3 ± 15.0	−5.6 ± 19.8 (n = 126,863)	<0.001*
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	75.4 ± 10.2	72.1 ± 10.0	−3.3 ± 11.0 (n = 126,863)	<0.001*
LDL-C, mmol/L	3.1 ± 0.8	2.4 ± 0.7	−0.7 ± 0.9 (n = 72,040)	<0.001*
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.7 ± 1.1	1.4 ± 0.8	−0.3 ± 1.0 (n = 73,631)	<0.001*
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.1 ± 0.9	4.3 ± 0.8	−0.7 ± 1.0 (n = 74,574)	<0.001*
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.2 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.3 (n = 73,406)	<0.001*
TC/HDL-C ratio	4.4 ± 1.3	3.5 ± 1.0	−0.9 ± 1.2 (n = 73,294)	<0.001*
Urine ACR, mg/mmol	4.7 ± 18.6	7.9 ± 35.1	3.2 ± 33.1 (n = 28,250)	<0.001*

DM diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, HbA1c haemoglobin A1c, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, ACR albumin/creatinine ratio
* Significant difference (P < 0.05) by paired t-test

ISSN: 1758-5996