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Table 2 Associations of demographic and clinical factors with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality

From: Predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in type 2 diabetes: Diabetes Heart Study

 

All-cause Mortality

CVD mortality

Trait

HR

95 % HR CI

p-value

n

HR

95 % HR CI

p-value

n

Age (years)

1.86

1.62

2.13

<1 × 10−16

1022

1.74

1.41

2.13

1.40 × 10−7

1004

Female Sex (%)

0.68

0.54

0.85

8.83 × 10−4

1022

0.58

0.41

0.82

0.002

1004

Current Smoking (%)

1.44

1.11

1.88

0.006

1018

1.04

0.66

1.63

0.866

1000

Past Smoking (%)

0.99

0.79

1.23

0.896

1018

1.13

0.82

1.57

0.452

1000

History of Cardiovascular Disease (%)

1.91

1.52

2.41

3.86 × 10−8

1013

3.25

2.25

4.69

3.21 × 10−10

995

Educational attainment (3 levels)

0.68

0.58

0.81

1.73 × 10−5

1011

0.74

0.58

0.95

0.02

993

dy Mass Index (kg/m2)

0.87

0.77

0.99

0.033

1022

0.89

0.74

1.07

0.225

1004

Waist Hip Ratio

1.16

1.02

1.32

0.029

1012

1.2

1

1.45

0.049

994

Glucose (mg/dL)

1.04

0.92

1.17

0.512

1020

1.16

0.98

1.38

0.089

1002

Glycated Hemoglobin (%)

1.09

0.97

1.22

0.169

1016

1.23

1.06

1.43

0.008

998

Diabetes duration (years)

1.54

1.36

1.74

5.62 × 10−12

1005

1.7

1.41

2.04

2.22 × 10−8

987

Coronary Artery Calcified Plaque (mass score)

2.01

1.7

2.37

1.11 × 10−16

968

2.47

1.91

3.21

8.48 × 10−12

952

Carotid Intima Media Thickness (mm)

1.38

1.25

1.53

5.20 × 10−10

928

1.42

1.24

1.63

7.32 × 10−7

911

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

1.01

0.91

1.13

0.796

1003

1

0.86

1.17

1

986

HDL (mg/dL)

0.93

0.82

1.05

0.228

1003

0.87

0.72

1.04

0.133

986

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

1.01

0.9

1.14

0.841

1003

1.12

0.95

1.33

0.172

986

LDL (mg/dL)

1.05

0.94

1.17

0.413

928

0.93

0.79

1.1

0.396

912

Pulse Pressure (mmHg)

1.3

1.16

1.46

8.24 × 10−6

1019

1.35

1.13

1.61

7.71 × 10−4

1001

Mean Arterial Pressure (mmHg)

0.9

0.79

1.04

0.149

1019

0.95

0.76

1.2

0.685

1001

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (ml/min/1.73 m2)

0.63

0.55

0.72

3.60 × 10−11

1021

0.63

0.51

0.78

2.75 × 10−5

1003

Urine Albumin:creatinine Ratio (mg/g)

1.56

1.42

1.72

<1 × 10−16

1000

1.76

1.54

2.01

<1 × 10−16

982

QT Interval (ms)

1.02

0.91

1.16

0.709

985

1.13

0.93

1.38

0.212

968

High Blood Pressure Medications (%)

1.72

1.28

2.3

2.63 × 10−4

1022

2.28

1.41

3.69

7.86 × 10−4

1004

Statin Use (%)

0.88

0.7

1.11

0.293

1020

1.02

0.72

1.46

0.91

1002

Oral Hypoglycemic Medications (%)

1.04

0.79

1.38

0.769

1022

1.02

0.67

1.54

0.942

1004

Insulin Use (%)

1.71

1.35

2.17

8.51 × 10−6

1022

1.84

1.32

2.58

3.55 × 10−4

1004

  1. Relationships assessed using univariate Cox proportional hazards models. Hazards ratios (HRs) are for a one standard deviation change in the predictor (continuous variables) or change in group assignment (dichotomous variables). For medication use HRs, the HRs are for risk of mortality among those individuals using the given medication class. CI, Confidence Interval
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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