Prospective evaluation of glutamine and phospholipids levels in first degree relatives of patients with Type 1 Diabetes from a multiethnic population

Table 1 General characteristics of the study sample

	Basal	Prospective	Controls	p value
	FDR	FDR
	(n = 30)	(n = 30)	(n = 20)
Age (years)	17.96	17.36	25.60	0.108
(mean ± SD)	±9.24	±8.68	±9.65	0.108
Gender [n (%)]
Female	15 (50)	15 (50)	9 (45)	0.184
Etnicity[n (%)]
Whites	15 (50)	15 (50)	8 (40)	0.272
Non-whites	15 (50)	15 (50)	12 (60)
GADA [n (%)]	2 (7)	2 (7)	2 (10)	0.887
IA2A [n (%)]	2 (7)	1 (3)	0	----
IAA [n (%)]	0	1 (3)	0	----
ZnT8A [n (%)]	1 (3)	1 (3)	0	0.002
Glutamine (mM) (mean ± SD)	1.45 ± 0.69	1.34 ± 0.20	1.55 ± 0.27	0.075
Phospholipids (μm) (mean ± SD)	505.20 ± 194.89	468.56 ± 219.46	640.00 ± 259.20	0.028

Basal FDR = sample of the basal period; Prospective FDR = sample of the prospective period
Controls = non-diabetic individuals; SD = standard deviation; GADA = Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody; IA2A = Insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibody; IAA = autoantibody against insulin; ZnT8A = Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody

ISSN: 1758-5996