From: The association between hyperandrogenemia and the metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women
PCOS absent | PCOS present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HA present | HA absent | P value | HA present | HA absent | P value | |
N | 616 | 972 | - | 230 | 82 | - |
Age, yrs | 35 (8) | 39 (7) | <0.001 | 33 (8) | 36 (8) | 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 44.4 (5.8) | 43.2 (5.9) | <0.001 | 44.8 (6.4) | 42.8 (6.2) | 0.015 |
Weight, kg | 124 (18) | 121 (18) | <0.001 | 126 (20) | 119 (19) | 0.016 |
Waist circumference, cm | 127 (13) | 123 (13) | <0.001 | 127 (14) | 123 (13) | 0.025 |
WHR | 0.94 (0.09) | 0.92 (0.08) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.08) | 0.93 (0.10) | 0.384 |
Metabolic syndrome | 370 (60 %) | 517 (53 %) | 0.008 | 157 (68 %) | 45 (55 %) | 0.032 |
-waist ≥ 80 cm | 611 (100 %) | 963 (100 %) | 1.000 | 228 (100 %) | 82 (100 %) | - |
-lipids | 457 (74 %) | 633 (65 %) | <0.001 | 186 (81 %) | 51 (62 %) | 0.001 |
triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L | 285 (46 %) | 398 (41 %) | 0.037 | 116 (50 %) | 32 (39 %) | 0.094 |
HDL-cholesterol <1.30 mmol/L | 391 (64 %) | 469 (49 %) | <0.001 | 160 (70 %) | 41 (50 %) | 0.002 |
lipid lowering medication | 37 (6 %) | 66 (7 %) | 0.601 | 18 (8 %) | 8 (10 %) | 0.642 |
-raised blood pressure | 320 (52 %) | 570 (59 %) | 0.007 | 131 (57 %) | 50 (61 %) | 0.603 |
Systolic blood pressure ≥130, mmHg | 233 (38 %) | 386 (40 %) | 0.428 | 106 (47 %) | 36 (44 %) | 0.700 |
Diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85, mmHg | 195 (32 %) | 311 (32 %) | 0.868 | 74 (33 %) | 28 (34 %) | 0.785 |
Blood pressure lowering medication | 110 (18 %) | 246 (25 %) | 0.001 | 44 (19 %) | 17 (21 %) | 0.748 |
-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L OR diabetes mellitus | 192 (31 %) | 270 (28 %) | 0.157 | 77 (34 %) | 23 (28 %) | 0.410 |
Type 2 diabetes | 112 (18 %) | 143 (15 %) | 0.069 | 42 (18 %) | 12 (15 %) | 0.501 |
Cholelithiasis | 59 (10 %) | 114 (12 %) | 0.187 | 18 (8 %) | 7 (9 %) | 0.816 |
Family history diabetes | 195 (32 %) | 300 (31 %) | 0.781 | 87 (38 %) | 30 (37 %) | 0.895 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125 (15) | 126 (14) | 0.290 | 127 (14) | 128 (16) | 0.806 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80 (10) | 80 (10) | 0.394 | 80 (10) | 80 (10) | 0.516 |
Uric acid, μmol/L | 345 (69) | 325 (69) | <0.001 | 358 (69) | 325 (72) | <0.001 |
PTH, pmol/L | 6.9 (2.9) | 7.2 (3.3) | 0.045 | 6.7 (3.0) | 7.3 (2.9) | 0.147 |
Vitamin D 25-OH, nmol/L | 54 (21) | 57 (21) | 0.006 | 49 (19) | 50 (18) | 0.840 |
Magnesium | 0.84 (0.07) | 0.85 (0.07) | 0.178 | 0.83 (0.07) | 0.83 (0.07) | 0.978 |
Anxiety or depression | 290 (47 %) | 446 (46 %) | 0.643 | 122 (53 %) | 38 (46 %) | 0.306 |
Insulin, pmol/L | 129 (95) | 107 (83) | <0.001 | 142 (75) | 118 (70) | 0.012 |
HOMA IR, (mmol/l * pmol/L / 135) | 5.7 (6.0) | 4.5 (4.4) | <0.001 | 6.0 (3.9) | 4.8 (3.4) | 0.017 |
≥1 hour physical activity/week | 329 (64 %) | 549 (67 %) | 0.238 | 126 (68 %) | 44 (60 %) | 0.246 |
≥1 hour vigorous physical activity/week | 192 (37 %) | 356 (43 %) | 0.026 | 73 (40 %) | 32 (44 %) | 0.574 |
Use of estrogens or gestagen medication | 62 (10 %) | 112 (12 %) | 0.410 | 15 (7 %) | 20 (24 %) | <0.001 |
Smoke (current or former/never) | 368 (60 %) | 561 (58 %) | 0.432 | 147 (64 %) | 38 (46 %) | 0.006 |
SHBG, nmol/L | 22.3 (9.2) | 44.3 (29.2) | <0.001 | 20.8 (8.1) | 46.6 (30.3) | <0.001 |
Total testosterone, nmol/L | 1.90 (0.71) | 1.16 (0.55) | <0.001 | 2.3 (1.2) | 1.3 (0.5) | <0.001 |
Estimated free testosterone, nmol/L | 0.039 (0.085) | 0.003 (0.005) | <0.001 | 0.056 (0.140) | 0.003 (0.005) | 0.001 |
FTI | 1.3 (3.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | <0.001 | 1.7 (5.2) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.017 |