Figure 1From: The risk of metabolic syndrome after gestational diabetes mellitus – a hospital-based cohort studyPack-years of smoking in the GDM and control groups. Pack-years of smoking differed significantly (p = 0.012) between women with a previous history of GDM vs. women unaffected. The median in both groups was zero, because the majority were non-smokers. The mean (±SD) number of pack-years in the GDM group was 3.1 (±6.1) and in the control group, 1.6 (±4.4).Back to article page