Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by gender

Time between surveys (days)

13.9 (68.5)

17.6 (70.2)

NS

15.5 (69.1)

Age (years)

51.0 (8.1)

50.3 (8.0)

NS

50.7 (8.0)

 40 years (n)

46

38

NS

84

 50 years (n)

55

47

NS

102

 60 years (n)

63

42

NS

105

fP-glucose (mmol/L)

5.2 (0.54)

5.3 (0.56)

NS

5.3 (0.55)

2hP-glucose (mmol/L)

6.8 (1.26)

6.4 (1.48)

0.007

6.6 (1.37)

fP-insulin (pmol/L)

54.9 (61.51)

47.6 (24.58)

NS

51.7 (49.00)

HOMA-IR

1.03 (1,11)

0.90 (0.47)

NS

0.97 (0.89)

Hypertension (%)

27

39

0.023

32

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.9 (1.29)

5.9 (1.18)

NS

5.9 (1.24)

BMI

25 (4.2)

26 (3.0)

NS

26 (3.7)

Educational level (years)

12 (3.8)

12 (3.9)

NS

12 (3.9)

Smoking (%)

20

26

NS

23

Cardiovascular disease (%)

27

20

NS

24

Exercise group (high) (%)

35

31

NS

33

Episodic memory (score)

7.29 (1.39)

6.62 (1.30)

<0.001

7.00 (1.39)

 40 years

7.92 (1.41)

6.69 (1.20)

<0.001

7.36 (1.45)

 50 years

7.39 (1.25)

6.75 (1.43)

0.019

7.09 (1.36)

 60 years

6.75 (1.30)

6.42 (1.25)

NS

6.62 (1.29)

Semantic memory (score)

15.96 (2.82)

15.20 (3.03)

0.028

15.6 (2.94)

 40 years

16.86 (2.10)

15.56 (2.07)

0.005

16.27 (2.17)

 50 years

15.86 (3.07)

15.67 (2.90)

NS

15.77 (2.98)

 60 years

15.39 (2.93)

14.33 (3.72)

NS

14.96 (3.30)