Table 1 Characteristics of type 2 diabetic subjects and normal glucose tolerant subjects

Weight (kg)

N (T2D; NGT)

13; 12

12; 12

13; 11

13; 11

T2D

129 ± 14

127 ± 13

112 ± 15***

101 ± 20***

<0.0001

NGT

127 ± 15

124 ± 15

106 ± 13**

95 ± 16***

<0.0001

†P value

0.57

0.29

0.25

0.49

BMI (kg/m ² )

N (T2D; NGT)

13; 12

12; 12

13; 11

13; 11

T2D

43.2 ± 5.3

42.5 ± 5.5

37.2 ± 5.8***

34.8 ± 7.9***

<0.0001

NGT

41.5 ± 4.8

40.5 ± 4.5

34.4 ± 3.4**

31.3 ± 4.8***

<0.0001

†P value

0.34

0.4

0.12

0.42

Glucose (mmol/L)

N (T2D; NGT)

13; 12

12; 12

13; 11

13; 11

T2D

8.9 ± 2.3

7.0 ± 1.1*

6.9 ± 1.6**

6.3 ± 1.6***

0.0001

NGT

5.5 ± 0.7^†††

5.0 ± 0.6^†††

4.9 ± 0.4**^†††

5.0 ± 0.3^††

0.01

†P value

<0.0001

0.0002

0.001

0.007

HbA1c (%)

N (T2D; NGT)

13; 12

13; 11

13; 10

T2D

7.0 ± 0.9

5.9 ± 0.8

5.6 ± 0.6***

0.0007

NGT

5.5 ± 0.4^†††

5.4 ± 0.3

5.4 ± 0.3

0.22

†P value

0.0002

0.06

0.24

Insulin (mmol/L)

N (T2D; NGT)

13; 12

12; 12

13; 11

13; 11

T2D

125.0 ± 77.0

72.9 ± 32.1*

58.1 ± 35.4***

46.7 ± 27.1***

<0.0001

NGT

82.2 ± 28.3

49.4 ± 13.5

42.8 ± 13.8**

35.8 ± 16.5***

0.0001

†P value

0.29

0.053

0.6

0.45

HOMA-IR

N (T2D; NGT)

13; 12

12; 12

13; 11

13; 11

T2D

6.6 ± 3.6

3.2 ± 1.5*

2.5 ± 1.7**

1.8 ± 1.1***

<0.0001

NGT

2.9 ± 1.1^††

1.6 ± 0.5^††

1.3 ± 0.5*^†

1.1 ± 0.5***

0.0002

†P value

0.002

0.001

0.047

0.11